深海沉积物宏基因组文库构建及淀粉酶筛选

深海环境通常具有高盐,高压,高/低温,无光照等特点,使得海洋微生物存在一套独特的生理代谢机制和分子细胞结构,然而迄今绝大部分深海微生物不能在实验室条件下被分离培养,深海微生物资源开发遇到很大挑战。本研究通过不依赖培养的方法研究海洋微生物的基因资源,构建了南海深海沉积物fosmid宏基因组文库,共获得约39 600个克隆,插入片段范围在24~45 kb之间,平均插入片段大小为33 kb,克隆片段的总库容达到1 320 Mb。通过功能筛选获得3个具有淀粉酶活性的克隆子,选取其中最适温度较低的amy7作为进一步研究对象。构建amy7插入片段的重组质粒文库,获得一个同样有淀粉酶活性的克隆子amy7-6。经测序,克隆子amy7-6含有3 291 bp插入片段,序列比对分析后发现其中一个大小为1 920 bp的ORF,其编码的蛋白质序列(AmyS)与各种来源的糖苷酶有着较高的相似性。     

四个拟穴青蟹养殖池水环境中细菌群落结构的比较研究

本研究在福建、广东沿海选取了四个拟穴青蟹养殖池(编号为FJ-CB、FJ-SC、GD-C、FJ-C)作为研究水样的采集地点,通过构建上述水样中细菌16S rRNA基因克隆文库来探究青蟹养殖水体环境中的菌群结构组成.从四个所构建文库中共获得201条16S rRNA核酸序列,分析结果表明:FJ-CB、FJ-SC、GD-C和FJ-C站位的优势菌群分别为红细菌目(Rhodobacterales,25.00%)、红细菌目(Rhodobacterales,30.88%)、蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria,39.58%)和蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria,62.16%);所构建文库中也检测到一些特有菌群序列,例如浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、异常球菌-栖热菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)等.基于不同养殖水环境中优势菌种、特有菌种的区别,一方面反映了不同养殖场管理方式的不同,另一方面也表明各养殖池水质营养程度的差异.综上所述,本研究揭示了各站位拟穴青蟹养殖水环境中基本菌群的组成特征,对于青蟹等甲壳类海洋动物养殖病害的有效防治具有重要参考价值.     

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)诱导拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血淋巴cDNA 文库构建及表达序列标签初步分析

利用SMART技术构建副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)诱导的拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)血淋巴cDNA文库。结果表明,该文库的滴度为1.04×107CFU/mL,文库总容量达1.144×107CFU,克隆子插入片段大小为500—2000bp,重组率达98%。将随机挑选的300个阳性克隆测序,经过质量控制和拼接,共得到141个单基因组簇(UniGenes),75个UniGenes与NCBI非冗余蛋白质数据库中登录的蛋白质序列存在显著相似性,其中20个与免疫防御相关,如kazal-like丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂类蛋白、kazal-type蛋白酶抑制剂arasin-like蛋白、抗内毒素因子、抗微生肽、金属硫蛋白、铁蛋白、类70kD热休克蛋白等,达总测序数的6.67%。研究结果证实,构建cDNA文库是获得拟穴青蟹免疫相关基因的可靠途径。     

基于GDAL和NetCDF的影像金字塔构建方法

介绍了GDAL和NetCDF在图像数据处理和栅格数据调度上的帮助和优势,提出了一种新的影像金字塔模型构建方法,从底层开发的关键技术上做了改进优化,提高了影像重采样方法的运行效率,在此研究领域上提供了一定的理论和实践基础。     

Teachers as Learners Examine Land-Use Change in the Local Environment Using Remote Sensing Imagery

Abstract

In environmental science education, learners are exposed to earth phenomena that occur across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. However, it is challenging for learners to grasp the significance of spatial and temporal change because they have limited perspectives of the Earth. Within the scientific community, remotely sensed imagery is used for observing the Earth as a system. These same tools can be applied at all levels in environmental science education to help learners understand and visualize earth change. In this article, the experiences of teachers as learners are described as they conducted a temporal analysis of a local wetland using aerial photography in an inquiry-based activity.     

Facility allocation strategies and the sustainability of service delivery: Modelling library patronage patterns and their related CO2-emissions

Service accessibility and urban transportation choices are crucial in cities' endeavours for securing social equality and environmental sustainability. They are particularly relevant when the public service network is to be rationalized. In this paper we provide a practical example of comparing the impacts of current varying service allocation strategies on travel behaviour and the resulting carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. We take libraries as a local public service to examine the CO₂ emissions resulting from residents' library trips in the capital region of Finland. Our analyses are based on data on library use (library loan database, N = 420,000), accessibility (comparable models of travel-time by car, public transportation and non-motorized transport) and customer transport choices (survey, n = 584). Our results show that (1) 52% of library customers use a library that is accessible from their home with minimum CO₂ emissions (the “climate-optimal” facility provider), (2) the remaining 48% that choose a non-optimal facility provider produce nearly 90% of the total CO₂-emissions related to library customer flows and (3) the service allocation strategies of the different municipalities lead to markedly different CO₂-emission patterns resulting from service usage. To conclude, sustainability measures (in our case the CO₂ burden) provide useful information on the impact of a service network structure which may be used alongside economic rationales.     

Use of field reflectance data for crop mapping using airborne hyperspectral image

Recent developments in hyperspectral remote sensing technologies enable acquisition of image with high spectral resolution, which is typical to the laboratory or in situ reflectance measurements. There has been an increasing interest in the utilization of in situ reference reflectance spectra for rapid and repeated mapping of various surface features. Here we examined the prospect of classifying airborne hyperspectral image using field reflectance spectra as the training data for crop mapping. Canopy level field reflectance measurements of some important agricultural crops, i.e. alfalfa, winter barley, winter rape, winter rye, and winter wheat collected during four consecutive growing seasons are used for the classification of a HyMAP image acquired for a separate location by (1) mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF), (2) spectral feature fitting (SFF), and (3) spectral angle mapper (SAM) methods. In order to answer a general research question “what is the prospect of using independent reference reflectance spectra for image classification”, while focussing on the crop classification, the results indicate distinct aspects. On the one hand, field reflectance spectra of winter rape and alfalfa demonstrate excellent crop discrimination and spectral matching with the image across the growing seasons. On the other hand, significant spectral confusion detected among the winter barley, winter rye, and winter wheat rule out the possibility of existence of a meaningful spectral matching between field reflectance spectra and image. While supporting the current notion of “non-existence of characteristic reflectance spectral signatures for vegetation”, results indicate that there exist some crops whose spectral signatures are similar to characteristic spectral signatures with possibility of using them in image classification.