测绘地理信息专业创新能力培养研究——以“北斗杯”学科竞赛驱动为例

在国家“新工科”工程教育改革的背景下,开展测绘地理信息专业创新能力培养研究具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。文中研究以“北斗杯”学科竞赛作为驱动因子,分别从项目选拔、教师指导、项目孵化、经费支持和成果显示等角度,有机地融合了创新创业训练项目和CDIO工程教育模式,开展了测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力培养研究。实践结果表明,以学科竞赛作为驱动因子,能够充分调动教师和学生参与多种创新能力培养活动的积极性,有效提升测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力。文中针对测绘地理信息专业学生创新能力培养的总结和讨论,将为相关研究的开展提供实践参考。     

Editorial

As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields.     

创新地理学——一门新兴的地理学分支学科

知识经济时代，创新成为人类社会，经济，政治活动的核心，在这种情况下，传统的地理学正受着来自学科自身的来自实践需要的双重挑战，以人地系统为研究对象的地理学，该如何适应这一变化并作出创造性选择呢？文章用唯物辨证法的观点，对这一问题进行了思索，并适时地提出了创新地理学这一新概念，阐述了创新地理学的产生背景，研究意义，研究对象及其内容。     

中国西部地区的迟发展效应、后发优势及创新对策研究

文章首先分析了中国西部地区迟发展和东、西部经济发展差距扩大的现状，在总结各种有关“迟发展效应”后，给出了“迟发展效应”的定义，提出了限制西部地区发展的重要因素是“迟发展效应”的不良影响及其累积循环作用机制，并从5个方面分析它所造成的不良影响；在分析其有利影响－后发优势的基础上，对中国西部大开发战略进行了政策，制度、技术、组织4个方面的创新对策探讨。     

Hierarchy,clusters, and spatial differences in Chinese inter-city networks constructed by scientific collaborators

The Chinese urban system is currently experiencing a fundamental shift, as it moves from a size-based hierarchy to a network-based system. Contemporary studies of city networks have tended to focus on economic interactions without paying sufficient attention to the issue of knowledge flow. Using data on co-authored papers obtained from China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (CAJNPD) during 2014-2016, this study explores several features of the scientific collaboration network between Chinese mainland cities. The study concludes that: (1) the spatial organization of scientific cooperation amongst Chinese cities is shifting from a jurisdiction-based hierarchical system to a networked system; and (2) several highly intra-connected city regions were found to exist in the network of knowledge, and such regions had more average internal linkages (14.21) than external linkages (8.69), and higher average internal linkage degrees (14.43) than external linkage degrees (10.43); and (3) differences existed in terms of inter-region connectivity between the Western, Eastern, and Central China regional networks (the average INCD of the three regional networks were 109.65, 95.81, and 71.88). We suggest that China should engage in the development of regional and sub-regional scientific centers to achieve the goal of building an innovative country. Whilst findings reveal a high degree of concentration in those networks - a characteristic which reflects the hierarchical nature of China’s urban economic structure - the actual spatial distribution of city networks of knowledge flow was found to be different from that of city networks based on economic outputs or population.     

From the regulation of space to the space of regulation

For about ten years, economic geography has enjoyed a renewal. Many researchers have found anchorage in different theoretical currents in order to analyse current economic changes. Regulation theory has been particularly inspirational in these considerations. This article represents a balance between different axes of research in regional economics, and their encounters with regulationist ideas. The main schools of thought are presented in chronological order with the prominent actors and the research results underlining the principal elements from each school. Finally, some prospects for the future are outlined. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不忘初心,砥砺奋进,为新时代国家生态安全和东北区域农业发展贡献科技力量——中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所建所60周年回顾

中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）是中国科学院设立在东北地区的综合性地理科学、农业科学和环境科学研究机构和人才培养基地。2018年,东北地理所迎来了60周岁的生日。60 a来,东北地理所不断凝练科学目标,调整和完善学科布局与科研组织结构,推动了相关学科发展;强化人才引进和自主培养相结合,人才队伍结构和创新能力得到极大加强;瞄准世界科学前沿,取得了一批独具特色的重大基础研究成果,一大批有重要影响的技术成果取得突破并应用于国家生态建设与东北区域农业发展;发展和完善了绩效考评体系、成果转移转化机制和协同创新机制,和谐奋进的创新文化环境正在形成。     

Hydrological trend analysis with innovative and over-whitening procedures

Different statistical methodologies can be employed to identify possible trend components in any hydro-meteorological time series. A pre-whitening (P-W) procedure has been suggested to reduce the serial correlation effect on Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend analysis. In this paper, instead of P-W, an over-whitening (O-W) procedure is suggested, which generates serially independent series with the same trend slope value. Analytically necessary formulations for O-W are presented with a non-parametric but simple innovative trend assessment procedure, which are supported by extensive simulation studies. The applications of the methodology are presented for eight factual time series records from tropical, temperate and arid regions including temperature, rainfall, streamflow, relative humidity and CO₂ concentrations for different short and long durations. Relative humidity and CO₂ records are monthly time series and, hence, there are trend and periodicity components. It is noticed in all cases that the natural trends remain as they were after the O-W procedure, thus providing an opportunity to determine reliably the trends embedded even in the serially dependent series. The O-W procedure is applicable even in the cases of periodicity in the original records.     

中国区域知识资本时空差异及影响因素分析

以区域创新系统能力表征区域知识资本,对其不均衡地理演变及影响因素的分析表明：① 创新综合能力年际变异程度由东向西逐渐递减,东部与中西地区创新综合能力差异持续扩大。② 区域创新综合能力总体呈现东部沿海创新带、中部内陆创新片区及西部普遍低下的梯度式空间分布格局。③ 劳动力集中指数、人均资本形成额、经济民营化程度、基础设施水平及对外开放度是影响创新能力空间分异的主要驱动因素,而财政支出占比影响较小;各变量对创新综合能力影响的空间异质效应明显,对东中地区往往具有积极的促进作用,对西部地区多呈负向影响,强化了创新综合能力“东高西低”的分异特征。