东海中段钓鱼岛隆起的内部结构与演化

由于钓鱼岛隆起的地质与地球物理资料相对缺乏,前人对该区域系统研究较少,关于其构造演化存在许多争议。本文通过重磁资料,结合反射地震剖面解释研究了西湖凹陷东侧的中段钓鱼岛隆起的构造与沉积特征,并进一步完善了其演化模式。研究结果表明,隆起内部存在多个残余凹陷,残留地层具有“北多南少”的分布特征,据此以舟山-国头断裂为界,可以将中段钓鱼岛隆起进一步分为南、北两个亚段。南、北亚段边界处在舟山-国头断裂的延长线上。同时,隆起西部的岩浆岩体分布于平坦剥蚀面T20之下,而东部存在岩浆活动引起的“基底尖峰”,空间重力异常的梯度带恰好与“基底尖峰”的西缘对应,以“基底尖峰”的西缘为界,将中段钓鱼岛隆起大致分成东、西两区,其中西区又可以进一步分为发育岩浆岩体的西Ⅰ区和局部残留凹陷的西Ⅱ区。西区由西湖凹陷经构造反转与岩浆活动改造而成,东区保留了古隆起。综合分析推断,中段钓鱼岛隆起是在古隆起的基础上经历多次构造与岩浆活动演化而成。     

城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法

“宜居城市”已经引起了政府、媒体和学者极大的关注,但主要集中在概念层面上,关于“宜居城市”的倡导或研究不应停留概念的炒作上,应该明确其内涵、量化其评价指标、确定其建设的方向和步骤等。立足于国内外相关研究基础,凸现“以人为本”的城市建设理念,就城市内部居住环境的评价内容、指标体系设计和评价方法等进行探讨。重点对构成居住环境评价的5大指标体系,安全性、环境的健康性、生活的便利性、出行的便捷度、居住的舒适度等具体评价内容、数据获取和方法选择等进行了研究。     

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

通过分析东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的粒度、有机质(TOC)、常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO),探讨东海内陆架泥质区常量元素空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物中常量元素氧化物组成较为稳定,含量最高的2种组分为SiO2和Al2O3,两者组分占沉积物总量的72%左右。常量元素氧化物的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,SiO2,CaO,P2O5倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中;Al2O3,K2O,MnO则倾向于富集在细颗粒沉积物中;而MgO,Na2O,Fe2O3和TiO2基本不受沉积物类型影响。R型因子分析结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3组,第1组包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,TiO2,P2O5和MnO;第2组包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3组包括Na2O,可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物沉积和海洋化学沉积。     

内核地球自转动力学理论的研究进展(Ⅵ)——章动转换函数和内核的动力学效应

本文是序列文章的第六篇,其主要内容包括：讨论了两种章动转换函数表达式以及它们系数之间的关系,指出了前人给出系数值的缺陷,以及某些公式表述的错误;基于内核地球模型的有关参数,利用Mathematica数学分析软件计算了PREM和1066A地球模型在FULL理论、MTIC和FIC近似下的章动本征模频率和章动转换函数的有关系数;计算了内核动力学对受迫章动的影响,结果表明其影响已在目前VLBI可检测的量级内.本文对地球章动转换函数进行了较完整的论述,期望对进一步研究地球自转动力学起重要作用.     

全新世东海内陆架泥质区有孔虫特征及其古环境意义

东海内陆架泥质区是东海全新世高海平面以来的沉积中心,保存了冰后期海平面上升以来完整的全新世沉积记录,是研究东海古海洋环境变化的良好载体,也是研究全新世古气候、古环境变迁的绝佳材料。选取了位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔长岩心作为研究对象,通过对沉积物中有孔虫进行属种鉴定分析,并结合岩心沉积物的岩性特征和AMS14 C测年数据,主要依据底栖有孔虫组合,恢复了研究区全新世以来的沉积环境演化。研究表明,全新世以来东海内陆架泥质区的沉积环境呈现阶段性演化特征,经历了以下4个阶段的演化:阶段I(10.8～10.5cal.kaBP)为滨岸沉积环境;阶段II(10.5～8.3cal.kaBP)随海面快速上升沉积环境由内陆架滨岸向中—内陆架过渡;阶段III(8.3～5.2cal.kaBP)为台湾暖流十分靠近的中—内陆架沉积环境;阶段IV(5.2～0cal.kaBP)为沿岸流较强的内陆架沉积环境。暖水种丰度在8.4cal.kaBP出现高值,推测为台湾暖流形成之时。约4.0cal.kaBP以来表生种丰度呈现高值和底栖有孔虫18 O变轻,推测与沿岸流增强密切相关。     

Attenuation in the uppermost inner core from PKP recordings at African seismological stations

The attenuation factor Q_P at the top of the inner core is evaluated by using the amplitude spectral ratio of PKPdf and PKPbc phases observed at African stations (BGCA mostly), from strong deep earthquakes in the Pacific Ocean area. The maximum depth of penetration of the PKPdf phase into the inner core (IC) is roughly 377 km, and the sampled region of IC is centered beneath the Southern Indian Ocean. The derived mean value of Q_P is 249 ± 31 (95% confidence level) in the frequency range 0.2–2 Hz, where no frequency dependence of attenuation has been reliably observed. By using Student’s t-test, we show that the value is statistically significantly different (with a probability greater than 95%) from other mean values of Q derived by using the same method, for both the western (180 °W to 40 °E) and eastern (40 °E to 180 °E) hemispheres of the IC. The decrease of Q with the radius of the turning point (denoted by r^TP), according to Q_P = 840 − 0.62 r^TP, has a moderate statistical support (the R-squared value is 38%). A slightly increase of Q as a function of the angle of the PKPdf path within the inner core with respect to the Earth’s spin axis is observed, in agreement with various investigations performed in the time domain. However, the value of the anisotropy, if any, is suggested to be around 3%.     

Detection of spheriodal free oscillation excited by Peru 8.2 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>s</Subscript> earthquake with five international superconducting gravimeter data

In this paper, authors obtain the spectral peaks of the earth free oscillation and check all normal modes from ₀S₀ to ₀S₄₈ accurately, with the Fourier analysis and the maximum entropy spectrum method dealing jointly with six groups of the observational residual data from five international superconducting gravimeter stations. By comparing the observational results in this paper with three former groups of observations or models, authors notice an extra discrepancy between two observational ₀S₂ modes excited separately by Peru earthquake and Alaska earthquake, which probably mirrors the anisotropy of the Earth’s inner core. The analysis on the splitting ₁S₂ mode shows that the asymmetric factor of rotationwise spectral splitting is possible to be different from that of anti-rotationwise spectral splitting.     

Rotating Stratified Heterogeneous Oblate Spheroid in Newtonian Physics

By solving the Euler hydrodynamical equations we have obtained closed form solutions for the angular velocities and pressures of a three stratified non-confocal heterogeneous oblate spheroid. Limiting and particular solutions cases, such as a spheroid with N layers, a stratified spheroid with the same eccentricities, as well as confocal layered spheroids are also explicitly written down. As an application, we have numerically estimated planet Earth's outer and inner cores' ellipticities to be _o=1/413.318 and _i=1/424.616, respectively. These Earth's ellipticities values are in good agreement with those found in the literature.