流动注射分析 第三讲 流动注射分析的理论和影响因素

讲述了试样在细径管液流中的分散模型、分散系数、激励型信号响应模式和影响试样分散的主要因素。     

Large-scale structure of magnetospheric plasma

Recent investigations of magnetospheric plasma structure are summarized under the broad categories of empirical models, transport across boundaries, formation, and dynamics of the plasma sheet. This report reviews work in these areas during the period 1991 to 1993. Fully three-dimensional empirical models and simulations have become important contributors to our understanding of the magnetospheric system. Some new structural concepts have appeared in the literature: the entry boundary and geopause, the plasma sheet region 1 vortices, the low-energy layer, the adiabaticity boundary or wall region, and a region in the tail to which we refer as the injection port. Traditional structural concepts have also been the subject of recent study, notably the plasmapause, the magnetopause, and the plasma sheet. Significant progress has been made in understanding the nature of plasma sheet formation and dynamics, but the acceleration of electrons to high energy remains somewhat mysterious.     

斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

不同渗透水压下完整泥页岩剪切−渗流特性研究

为了探索高压水力浸润带和消落带岩体在压剪荷载与流体入渗双因素耦合作用下剪切渗流特性的衍化规律,利用自主研发的一套新型岩石剪切−渗流耦合试验系统,对饱水泥页岩进行了常法向荷载条件下不同渗透水压的剪切−渗流耦合试验和剪切蠕变−渗流耦合试验。试验结果表明：（1）随着渗透水压力的增加,饱水泥页岩剪切强度峰值、法向变形峰值以及剪切蠕变破坏强度均有所下降,说明渗透水压力对岩样力学强度具有损伤效果。（2）在剪切−渗流耦合试验过程中,岩样剪应力与法向变形在线弹性变化的末期会出现明显的上下波动现象,并伴有水流流出,剪应力和法向变形的突变点在时间上具有一致性。（3）在剪切蠕变−渗流耦合试验过程中,水流渗出速率与渗透水压力大小呈正相关,随着剪切荷载施加等级的提高,岩样蠕变变形量增大,单位时间内累计渗出水量亦有所提升。     

基于物化特性的煤层注水难易程度模型

增强煤层注水能力是目前需要亟待解决的问题,而煤层注水难易程度缺乏准确的判别标准。通过考虑煤体孔裂隙渗流分形结构特征和毛细作用下化学润湿特性,建立了煤层注水渗流量模型;基于概率论与数理统计方法基础,构建了集对联系度区间评价体系,划分了煤层注水的难易程度。结果显示：（1）注水效果受孔隙率、孔隙半径、接触角、液体的密度、表面张力、黏滞性系数、重力加速度等渗流结构参数和化学润湿特性等最简参数的影响,体系模型表征了煤体渗流结构和化学润湿特性与渗流量的关系。（2）在组合赋权下,孔隙率权重为0.32,对注水效果贡献较大,最大孔喉半径和接触角的贡献度次之;最小孔喉半径权重为0.17,对注水效果影响最小。（3）煤样X1、X2、X5评价指标值介于（0,0.25）,属于难注水煤层;煤样X3、X4评价指标值介于（0.25,0.50）,属于较难注水煤层。     

AFS-2202E型原子荧光光度计故障诊断方法

比较全面地分析了AFS-2202E型原子荧光光度计的故障现象及产生原因。从仪器灵敏度下降、空白值升高等光路故障,通信失败及气路自检、空心阴极灯供电、负高压电路、光电倍增管及检测电路等方面故障检修,进样及原子化系统等故障检修方面,归纳出仪器故障的排除方法。     

石油开采对地下水的污染及防治对策

在石油开采区,水质优良的地下水十分有限。而目前石油开采区的地下水污染问题十分突出。介绍了石油开采对水资源的破坏,分析认为原油泄漏及污水回注是石油开采区地下水污染的主要原因,并指出了地下水污染带来的种种危害,最后提出了污染治理措施、方法及技术思路。     

上海地区钻孔降水头注水试验公式应用探讨

对上海市《岩土工程勘察规范》钻孔降水头注水试验计算公式应用条件进行了分析,给出了不同条件下钻孔降水头注水试验计算公式的表达式。通过工程实例,对不同条件计算结果的影响程度进行了分析比较,并提出了应用建议。     

Electrokinetic phenomena associated with a water injection experiment at the Nojima fault on Awaji Island, Japan

Abstract Self-potential variations were measured to estimate the magnitude of electrokinetic and hydrological parameters (zeta potential and permeability) of the Nojima Fault zone in Awaji, Japan. The study observed self-potential variations that seemed to be associated with water flow from the injection well to the fracture zone, which were induced by turning the injection on and off. Amplitudes of the variations were a few to 0.03 V across 320–450 m dipoles. These variations can be explained well with an electrokinetic model. The quantity k/ζ (permeability/zeta potential) is in the range 1.6 × 10⁻¹³− 5.4 × 10⁻¹³ m²/V. Permeability of the Nojima fault zone can be estimated as approximately 10⁻¹⁶–10⁻¹⁵ m² on the assumption that the zeta potential is in the range –0.01 to –0.001 V.     

微量砷,锑,铋流动注射在线还原氢化物发生原子吸收连续测定法

本文采用了流动注射分析技术，用氢化物发生原子吸收分光光度法直接连续测定砷、锑、铋。在稀盐酸介质中，试样溶液中以不同氧化态存在的待测元素被硫脲、碘化钾、抗坏血酸混合还原抑制剂溶液在线还原为易生成氢化物的形式，与硼氢化钠反应生成氢化物，经我们自制的带雾化器的气液分离器分离后进入原子化器。方法稳定灵敏，再现性好，一次溶样可直接连续测定地质样品中砷、锑、铋３种元素。用本方法测定地质标样结果吻合很好，其检出限（３σ）分别为８．８４，６．９１，１２．２９×１０￣（－８）ｇ／Ｌ。相对标准偏差小于２％。