中巴经济走廊地质灾害敏感性分析

中巴经济走廊是"一带一路"建设的旗舰项目,对中巴经济走廊地质灾害进行敏感性分析与区划,可为中巴经济走廊地质灾害的防治提供参考。基于此,文章选取高程、坡度、地形起伏度、地震密度、多年平均降雨量、距断裂带的距离、地层岩性、距河流的距离和距公路的距离等9个指标,采用加权信息量模型和证据权法,综合分析中巴经济走廊地质灾害敏感性。并运用ROC曲线验证对比两种模型分析的敏感性结果,选取精度较高的模型分析的地质灾害敏感性进行研究区区划,最后对区划结果进行相关验证。研究结果表明：1）中巴经济走廊容易诱发地质灾害的条件为：高程在2660~3470 m之间,坡度为29°~35°,地形起伏度在45~70 m之间,地震密度在2~4个/102 km2之间,多年平均降雨量在430~530 mm之间,距断裂带距离小于5 km,地层岩性为软岩和极软岩,距河流距离小于2 km,距公路距离小于2 km。2）基于加权信息量模型和证据权法分析的中巴经济走廊地质灾害敏感性精度分别为0.821和0.795,表明本研究选取的地质灾害敏感性分析模型具有较高的准确性,但是运用加权信息量模型分析的敏感性更符合实际情况。因此,运用加权信息量模型分析的结果进行研究区地质灾害敏感性区划。3）研究区地质灾害不敏感区、低敏感区、中等敏感区、高度敏感区和极高敏感区所占面积比分别为26.3%、23.1%、21.6%、18.8%和10.2%,以中、低敏感性为主;且敏感性呈现出南低北高的空间分布特征。4）运用实地调研的地质灾害点对本文区划的中巴经济走廊地质灾害敏感性结果验证,表明区划的结果具有一定的科学、可信性,可以为中巴经济走廊重大工程建设、交通线路选线、城市规划、资源开发等方面提供科学依据。     

Hydrogen isotope of individual n-alkanes from modern sediments and their application to environments

Hydrogen isotopes are commonly fractionated to a much greater extent and as a result display larger variations in δ values, In terms of the hydrogen isotope ratios of individual n-alkanes of 16 samples of modern sediments selected from four different locations in the southern part of Gansu, China, the δD values for most of the n-alkanes varied from -150‰-300‰, Variations in δD also occurred between different ranges of n-alkanes, effects of environmental changes on the hydrogen isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes have been detected. Besides the δD values of n-alkanes, the δD values of lipids including pristane （Pr）, phytane （Ph） were also examined, by the combination of D/H ratios with molecular fingerprinting, Our results further support the notion that hydrogen isotopes of n-alkanes from modern sediments can act as paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental proxies and provide invaluable new sources of information in the research of paleoenvironment reconstruction.     

Mapping transit‐based access: integrating GIS,routes and schedules

Seabed sediment textural parameters such as mud, sand and gravel content can be useful surrogates for predicting patterns of benthic biodiversity. Multibeam sonar mapping can provide near-complete spatial coverage of high-resolution bathymetry and backscatter data that are useful in predicting sediment parameters. Multibeam acoustic data collected across a ～1000 km² area of the Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia, were used in a predictive modelling approach to map eight seabed sediment parameters. Four machine learning models were used for the predictive modelling: boosted decision tree, random forest decision tree, support vector machine and generalised regression neural network. The results indicate overall satisfactory statistical performance, especially for %Mud, %Sand, Sorting, Skewness and Mean Grain Size. The study also demonstrates that predictive modelling using the combination of machine learning models has provided the ability to generate prediction uncertainty maps. However, the single models were shown to have overall better prediction performance than the combined models. Another important finding was that choosing an appropriate set of explanatory variables, through a manual feature selection process, was a critical step for optimising model performance. In addition, machine learning models were able to identify important explanatory variables, which are useful in identifying underlying environmental processes and checking predictions against the existing knowledge of the study area. The sediment prediction maps obtained in this study provide reliable coverage of key physical variables that will be incorporated into the analysis of covariance of physical and biological data for this area.     

高铁震源地震信号的挤压时频分析应用

我国每天有数千趟高铁列车驰骋在纵横交错的高铁线路上,构成了十分理想的均布震源,但寻找适合高铁震源地震信号的处理方法是充分挖掘信息的关键.传统的频谱分析结果表明高铁震源所产生的地震信号具有明显的窄带分立谱特征,但无法精确获得高铁震源地震信号的时频变化规律.本文首次将挤压时频分析这种分析工具引入到高铁震源地震信号处理中,对中国南方某高铁沿线采集到的高铁震源地震数据进行了分析.处理结果表明:利用挤压时频分析能够更加精确地刻画频率成分随时间的变化,能够利用单检波器精确刻画高铁列车的运行状态(匀速、加速等);同时利用挤压时频变换还可高精度地重构出所需频带的信号,为提取高铁震源地震信号的特征成分提供了一种有力工具.     

面向对象和DEM的ZY-1 02C影像湿地提取研究

本文运用面向对象分类与DEM数据相结合的方法,对资源卫星一号02C卫星遥感影像进行湿地提取。探索了基于对象与DEM信息的提取技术,在02C影像湿地的提取应用,对研究我国国产卫星在湿地监测和保护方面有重要的意义。研究结果表明：（1）面向对象的遥感影像信息提取方法,可同时兼顾影像光谱信息及空间信息,适用于02C影像的湿地提取,精度得到明显提高;（2）基于对象与DEM信息的提取方法,使沼泽地与草地相混淆的现象明显减轻,湿地分类精度进一步提高,该方法适用于高分辨率遥感影像的湿地提取研究;（3）基于对象与DEM信息提取的水田、水体、沼泽地及河滩的精度,分别为88.46%、97.44%、86.96%和83.33%,满足资源卫星一号02C遥感影像对湿地进行监测和保护的需要。     

Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm

The exponential growth of natural language text data in social media has contributed a rich data source for geographic information. However, incorporating such data source for GIS analysis faces tremendous challenges as existing GIS data tend to be geometry based while natural language text data tend to rely on natural language spatial relation (NLSR) terms. To alleviate this problem, one critical step is to translate geometric configurations into NLSR terms, but existing methods to date (e.g. mean value or decision tree algorithm) are insufficient to obtain a precise translation. This study addresses this issue by adopting the random forest (RF) algorithm to automatically learn a robust mapping model from a large number of samples and to evaluate the importance of each variable for each NLSR term. Because the semantic similarity of the collected terms reduces the classification accuracy, different grouping schemes of NLSR terms are used, with their influences on classification results being evaluated. The experiment results demonstrate that the learned model can accurately transform geometric configurations into NLSR terms, and that recognizing different groups of terms require different sets of variables. More importantly, the results of variable importance evaluation indicate that the importance of topology types determined by the 9-intersection model is weaker than metric variables in defining NLSR terms, which contrasts to the assertion of ‘topology matters, metric refines’ in existing studies.     

灌溉实时调度研究进展

灌溉实时调度是农业水管理走向智能化、自动化和现代化的重要标志,综合应用地理信息系统、卫星遥感技术、全球定位系统、计算机、人工智能、信息技术,以及农业灌溉、气象学、系统工程等多学科的最新成果,提高调度的灵活性、可靠性、实用性,是灌溉实时调度今后的发展趋势。同时,也面临着基础设施落后、技术力量薄弱、信息处理费用过高、卫星传输周期长等多方面的困难。综述了国内外在实时灌溉预报、渠系动态配水、土壤墒情监测、计算机辅助决策支持系统以及灌区空间信息管理等方面的最新研究进展和主要成就,力求促进灌区用水管理研究的发展。     

四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的锶同位素特征及其地质意义

锶同位素已经成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球地质事件研究与对比的有效工具之一。本文以四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的野外剖面和钻孔岩心为主要研究对象,测试了碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩和石盐岩的锶同位素组成,并建立了相应的锶同位素演化曲线。研究结果显示,碳酸盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.707 895,硬石膏岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.708 174,石盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值平均为0.708 177,同时碳酸盐岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值从早三叠世的0.707 413快速增加到中三叠世早期的0.708 515,而后呈现下降趋势。从总体上看,这些⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值与全球早中三叠世同期的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr值数据接近,说明四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世钾盐的物质来源大部分为海水,并沉积于海相沉积环境,同时由于火山...     

遥感蒸散模型的时间重建方法研究

本文提出的遥感蒸散模型的时间重建方法考虑了逐日蒸散可能的变化情况, 在阻抗- 彭曼单层模型的基础 上, 将图像去云处理与时间重建结合在一起, 先使用SEBS 能量平衡余项模型获得晴好日的地表阻抗信息, 选择了 叶面积指数LAI 作为反映植被表面阻抗的参量, 通过时间序列谐波分析(HANTS)获得逐日逐像元的LAI 信息, 将晴 好日的阻抗信息扩展至待定日, 并使用因子函数表达了极端温湿条件对植被叶面阻抗的限制作用。使用中科院禹 城站2003 年作物季的大型蒸渗仪数据对模型所得逐日蒸散结果进行了验证。在作物生长季, 模型结果相对于实测 结果表现出了良好的相关性(R2≈0.7), 远优于作为对比的蒸发比不变法。受单层模型假设局限, 方法在裸地及稀疏 植被上的结果还存在着较大的误差。     

论信息时代的城市发展

城市信息化是中国城市发展的新主题与新动力,是解决目前我国城市发展中诸多难题的重要途径。本文首先对比了数字城市和信息城市,然后指出了建设信息城市的迫切性和重要性,最后提出了城市信息科学的学科范畴。