PETROCHEMICALS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE PUERTO RICAN EXPERIENCE*

The oil refining and petrochemical industries have occupied an important role in Puerto Rico's development strategy since the early 1960s. However, the hopes epitomized in various planning models of highly integrated and diversified oil-based industrial complexes have not been fulfilled. This paper attempts to account for the discrepancy between official expectations and subsequent events in Puerto Rico and indicates some of the lessons for other developing countries.     

CO2 emissions and their bearing on China＇s economic development： the long view

Greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions in China have aroused much interest, and not least in recent evidence of their reduction. Our intent is to place that reduction in a larger context, that of the process of industrialization. A lengthy time perspective is combined with a cross-sectional approachChina plus five other countries-and addressed through two general models. The findings are salutary. First, they suggest that a diversified economic structure is consistent with diminished intensity in energy use. Secondly, and the obverse of the first, they imply that a diversified energy structure promotes reductions in CO2 emissions. Finally, one is led inevitably to the conclusion that, together, the findings point to a path for countries to transform their economies while at the same time undertaking to drastically moderate their energy use, switching from a pattern of heavy carbon emissions to one in which lighter carbon emissions prevail. The implications of such findings for environmental management are enormous.     

我国山区农业发展急需转变战略思维

我国山区已基本解决温饱问题并向小康方向前进。山区农业发展急转变战略思维去适应新的形势；从因地制宜到因市制宜，从关心空间距离到关心时间距离，从农户经营以农庄规模经验，从重数量到重质量，从抓粮食到挣钱，从生存农业到生态农业，从经验到科学，从单一思想到复合思维。     

中国煤层气产业化发展的机遇与挑战

西部大开发战略中，西气东输工程的启动，为中国煤层气的产业化发展提供了良机，管网建设，资金投入，气源补给以及对外合金项目的实施使得沿线的煤层气开发成为可能，无烟煤，构造发育区的煤层气开发是我国煤层产业化发展遇到的最大挑战，必须结合我国的地质条件，储层特性进行科技攻关，才能探索出适合我国煤层气开发的新路子。     

河南农区工业化途径研究

本文通过对豫东、豫北等河南农业主产区８０年代以来工业化进程的调研分析，在总结经验教训的基础上，针对这些地区工业发展的特殊条件，提出了平原农区工业化的基本思路和途径，主导产业的选择和注意处理的几个问题     

世界地球信息产业的现状与发展前景

本文首先阐述了信息革命与信息产业的巨大影响以及地球信息资源、地球信息科学技术与地球信息产业化的关系；而后在总结世界地球信息产业化现状的基础上，提出了未来的五大发展趋势。     

经济欠发达山区农业产业化发展问题与对策——以梅州市为例

经济欠发达地区由于自然条件和经济基础均比较差、基础设施较薄弱、缺乏现代化经营管理手段等原因，在实施农业产业化过程中面临难于形成规模大、集约化的龙头企业实体，形成产业的主导产品少，农副产品的综合利用率较低、附加值不高等问题。结合梅州市近年来农业产业化的实践探索，提出要充分依托资源优势确立主导产业；因地制宜选择产业化发展模式；运用市场规律、优化要素配置；积极探索适应山区农业产业化发展的领域体制和政府作用等对策。     

Rural industrialization, 'quality' and service: some findings from South Warwickshire and North Devon

Studies of UK rural industrialization have traditionally sought to explain the success of rural SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) in terms of their capacity for innovative or enterprising behaviour. In turn, this has led researchers to focus their attention on the material aspects of competitive behaviour, particularly those connected to technology and technological exploitation, at the expense of more intangible aspects such as the advantages gained from novel working practices and marketing strategies. In particular, the notion of 'quality' as a determinant of competitive behaviour, an idea gaining increased emphasis within literature concerning rural SMEs in the food, farming and craft sectors, has been neglected in wider studies of rural industrialization. However, this paper contends that both 'formal' and 'informal' constructions of quality are significant factors in the success of manufacturers outside these specific sectors.     

山东省农业产业化经营与农村区域发展研究

农业和农村问题是我国社会经济发展的关键问题，在全国农产品呈现大面积过剩，农民增收困难的新形势下，山东省通过农业产业化经营的发展，促进了农业的新一轮发展和农民收入的稳步提高，文章通过对山东省农业产业化地域模式的分析，探讨了其农业产业化经营发展的主要动力和运行机制，认为农业产业化经营是促进区域农业和农村经济发展的动力。     

河西走廊特色产业发展战略及创新探研

选择什么样的经济发展战略是西北干旱地区必须认真研究的问题，文章基于区域比较优势战略，以河西走廊为例，阐述了河西走廊发展特色产业的迫切性。对区内特色产业资源及发展现状，问题进行了评价研究，分析了该区特色产业规模化，产业化的市场前景和发展基础及条件，最后提出该区特色产业发展战略及相应的技术，机制创新体系建设策略和相关建议。