防治矿井煤和瓦斯突出数据管理系统

煤矿防治煤和瓦斯突出是一项极其复杂的系统工程,人们逐步探索煤与瓦斯突出规律,人工计算已不能适应大量数据处理与分析之需要,将计算机数据库及计算机绘图功能运用于防突工作中,能较好地处理防突数据,提高防突预测预报的针对性和准确性,使之更好地为矿井安全生产服务。      

小型氰化厂的技术管理

本文简述了小型氰化厂的技术管理方法和实际操作过程,应用该方法提高选矿厂的生产技术指标和经济效益。     

论西安市地下热水资源的开发与管理

本文简要论述了西安地下热水资源概况水化学特征和地下热水资源的开发利用现状,探讨了在今后开发与管理工作中需要进一步认识和思考的问题。据此提出西安市地下热水资源的开发与管理需进一步深化,这种深化应建立在科学研究基础之上的观点。希望对可贵的地下热水资源的开发利用更为科学、有序、合理,节约资源,实施可持续发展。     

中国科学院资源环境科学研究工作的创新与发展

１１９９８年工作回顾１９９８年在以江泽民同志为核心的党中央领导下,在实施科教兴国战略和“迎接知识经济时代,建设国家创新体系”的试点工作中,我们全院从事资源环境科学技术研究的同志,从２１世纪中国发展的战略需要和世界科学前沿的前景出发,重新确定科技发展目...     

GIS在土地管理信息化方面的应用

本文从土地信息数据的采集、处理以及数据的共享三个方面探讨了目前GIS在土地管理信息化方面的应用,并对GIS在土地信息化方面的进一步发展进行了分析讨论。     

关于加强地质经济管理若干问题的思考

通过对地勘单位资金短缺,资产质量低下等现状剖析,提出加强资金、资产管理,降低资金成本和费用支出的设想和具体办法,向管理要效益,使地勘经济健康发展。     

土地利用与规划管理信息系统的设计与实现

介绍基于MAPINFO平台的土地利用与规划管理信息系统的结构、功能和特点     

1∶25万协同图数字制图系统

随着地图数据库的相继建立, 以地图数据库为主要数据源进行地图生产成为迫切需求, 并要求在地图生产的同时, 实现对原有的地图数据库更新。文中所阐述的１∶２５ 万协同图数字制图系统, 可以同时解决１∶２５ 万协同图生产出版和１∶２５ 万地图数据库更新两个难题, 并在应用中取得了重大效益。详细论述了系统的实现方法和解题思路。     

The Dammam aquifer in Bahrain – Hydrochemical characterization and alternatives for management of groundwater quality

 Over-abstraction of the Dammam aquifer, the principal aquifer in Bahrain, by the agricultural and domestic sectors, has led to its salinization by adjacent brackish and saline water bodies. A hydrochemical study identified the locations of the sources of aquifer salinization and delineated their areas of influence. The investigation indicates that the aquifer water quality is significantly modified as groundwater flows from the northwestern parts of Bahrain, where the aquifer receives its water by lateral underflow from eastern Saudi Arabia, to the southern and southeastern parts. Four types of salinization of the aquifer are identified: brackish-water up-flow from the underlying brackish-water zones in north-central, western, and eastern regions; seawater intrusion in the eastern region; intrusion of sabkha water in the southwestern region; and irrigation return flow in a local area in the western region. Four alternatives for the management of groundwater quality that are available to the water authorities in Bahrain are discussed and their priority areas are proposed, based on the type and extent of each salinization source, in addition to groundwater use in that area. The effectiveness of the proposed management options in controlling the degradation of water quality in the Dammam aquifer should be evaluated using simulation modeling. Received: June 1998 Revised: November 1998 Accepted: December 1998     

Estimate of shallow groundwater recharge in the Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands, semi-arid northeastern Nigeria

 The Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands are annually inundated flood plains in semi-arid northeastern Nigeria. The area has a unique ecosystem that forms a natural barrier against the encroachment of the Sahara desert. Both the rich wetland vegetation and local farmers using shallow tube wells depend on a groundwater mound (with a water table less than 6 m below the surface) that is present in the unconfined aquifer under the flood-plain area. Using well records (1991–97) and a hydrogeologic profile based on piezometers that were monitored for two years, it is shown that recharge through the annually inundated flood plains is the source of the groundwater mound. Maintenance of the groundwater-recharge function of the flood plains depends on wet-season releases from two large upstream dams. On the basis of a water-budget method, the mean (1991–97) wet-season unconfined groundwater recharge in the flood-plain area between Hadejia and Nguru and in the immediate vicinity (1250 km²) is estimated to be 132 mm (range, 73–197 mm). Outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer to the unconfined upland aquifer is approximately 10% of the wet-season flood-plain recharge. The unconfined groundwater outflow from the flood-plain area can provide a significant contribution to the present-day rural water supply in the surrounding uplands, but it does not offer much potential for additional groundwater abstraction. In addition to outflow to the upland aquifer (∼14 mm), the distribution of the annually recharged water volume of the shallow flood-plain aquifer is (1) domestic uses (3 mm), (2) small-scale irrigation (∼15 mm), and (3) evapotranspiration ( 1 100 mm). Along the hydrogeologic profile, the recharge in the upland (i.e., outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer and possibly diffuse rain-fed recharge) is in balance with the water uses (i.e., domestic uses, groundwater outflow, and evapotranspiration). The absence of a seasonal water-level trend in the two piezometers in the upland indicates that no rain-fed recharge occurs through preferential path-way (macropore) flow. Received, June 1998 / Revised, November 1998, January 1999 / Accepted, January 1999