测绘生产管理信息化建设应用研究

国家测绘地理信息局在2007年开展了信息化测绘体系研究,测绘地理信息领域的信息化获得长足进步。信息化测绘时代的到来,对测绘生产管理提出了更高的要求。本文设计了以测绘生产管理为核心内容的信息系统,经过近三年时间的应用,其管理功能模块能够满足测绘生产信息化管理需要。     

大型工程项目中BIM+GIS指挥调度系统的应用

在"京津冀一体化"的发展目标下,随着新区的建设,政府项目存在着规模大、周期紧、关注度高、管理难度大等特点.利用互联网+的理念提高建筑行业的管理精度是解决问题的主流方向,也符合住建部《2016—2020年建筑业信息化发展纲要》提出的"构建基于BIM、大数据、智能化、移动通信、云计算等技术的工程质量、安全监管模式与机制".本文以某一重大政府项目工程为例,介绍如何将住建部要求的技术要素通过BIM+GIS指挥调度系统应用到项目中.     

面向土地规划管理的"多规合一"信息平台建设应用初探

近年来,许多城市以开展"多规合一"信息平台建设为抓手推进"多规合一"工作,以期建立统一的空间规划体系.但是,大部分地区实践的"多规合一"信息管理平台建设侧重于多规空间数据展示和协同审批等方面,而对面向土地规划管理方面并无相关应用.本文首先尝试对土地规划管理与多规合一的关系进行探讨;进而梳理出面向土地规划管理的多规合一的信息平台建设思路;最后重点研究解决了土地集约利用管理、建设用地选址预审、土地规划实施效果评价等功能的关键技术问题.     

基于空间数据库的多源异构卫星数据一体化管理研究

我国已经成为卫星遥感数据大国,但是在多源异构海量遥感数据的系统建设和技术研发方面,现行的遥感数据存储、处理以及服务技术将面临很大的挑战。本文基于空间数据库的空间对象模型和关系模式,设计了一套"空间-属性-体化"的多源异构卫星数据标准化数据结构,开发了多源异构卫星数据一体化管理应用原型系统,实现了多源异构卫星数据的自动化入库、统一查询检索和多样化处理等功能,为多源异构卫星影像数据及其辅助元数据的一体化管理提供解决方案。     

基于GPS的高速公路车速全程监控方法研究

对高速公路车速进行有效监控与管理,是抑制违章超速行驶、减少高速公路交通事故的重要手段。现有的基于点速度和区间平均速度的高速公路车速监控方法,难以准确反应出车辆的实际行驶状态,实施效果有限,可靠性较差。文中提出基于GPS和地图匹配技术的高速公路车速全程监控和管理方法,建立相关算法的数学模型。经过理论分析和实例验证,车速监控与管理方法能实现高速公路车速的全程监控,极大地提高车速安全监控和管理的可靠性、准确性和有效性。     

线性参照系在城市交通事故发布系统中的作用及应用

针对城市交通部门事故管理系统中存在道路数据不独立以及发布的事故信息易读性差导致应急部队无法准确定位事故地点进行救援的问题,基于公路的线性特征,结合GIS对地理数据的多样操作功能,提出路段名+特征参考点的一维定位表达方法。将线性参照系理论应用到以综合车道为公路模型的空间数据管理模式中,建立基于线性参照系的城市公路事故信息发布系统,实现二维坐标向一维坐标转换、降低数据冗余、实现事故地点的快速定位以及对定位的事故信息进行发布。     

Community forest management in Indonesia: Avoided deforestation in the context of anthropogenic and climate complexities

Community forest management has been identified as a win-win option for reducing deforestation while improving the welfare of rural communities in developing countries. Despite considerable investment in community forestry globally, systematic evaluations of the impact of these policies at appropriate scales are lacking. We assessed the extent to which deforestation has been avoided as a result of the Indonesian government’s community forestry scheme, Hutan Desa (Village Forest). We used annual data on deforestation rates between 2012 and 2016 from two rapidly developing islands: Sumatra and Kalimantan. The total area of Hutan Desa increased from 750 km² in 2012 to 2500 km² in 2016. We applied a spatial matching approach to account for biophysical variables affecting deforestation and Hutan Desa selection criteria. Performance was assessed relative to a counterfactual likelihood of deforestation in the absence of Hutan Desa tenure. We found that Hutan Desa management has successfully achieved avoided deforestation overall, but performance has been increasingly variable through time. Hutan Desa performance was influenced by anthropogenic and climatic factors, as well as land use history. Hutan Desa allocated on watershed protection forest or limited production forest typically led to a less avoided deforestation regardless of location. Conversely, Hutan Desa granted on permanent or convertible production forest had variable performance across different years and locations. The amount of rainfall during the dry season in any given year was an important climatic factor influencing performance. Extremely dry conditions during drought years pose additional challenges to Hutan Desa management, particularly on peatland, due to increased vulnerability to fire outbreaks. This study demonstrates how the performance of Hutan Desa in avoiding deforestation is fundamentally affected by biophysical and anthropogenic circumstances over time and space. Our study improves understanding on where and when the policy is most effective with respect to deforestation, and helps identify opportunities to improve policy implementation. This provides an important first step towards evaluating the overall effectiveness of this policy in achieving both social and environmental goals.     

Total evaporation estimation for accurate water accounting purposes: an appraisal of various available estimation methods

The estimation of total evaporation is fundamental for water accounting, considering its influence on water availability. Moreover, the current increase in water consumption (e.g. in sub-Saharan Africa and the world over), land cover/use changes, deteriorating water quality and the climate change projections in most regions of the world underscore the need to understand water loss. So far, different approaches have been developed and implemented in estimating the variations of total evaporation, with varying accuracies. The aim of this work was therefore, to provide a review of these different approaches for estimating total evaporation, as well as a detailed discussion of their strengths and weaknesses. Findings from this review have shown that total evaporation estimates derived, using ground-based meteorological and micro-meteorological methods are inadequate for representing its large-scale spatial variations. On the other hand, remote sensing technology, which acquires data at different resolutions (i.e. radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal), provides timely, up-to-date and relatively accurate spatial estimates of total evaporation over large geographic coverage, for sustainable and effective water accounting, which is key for well-informed and improved management of water resources at both catchment and regional scales. In this regard, more details on the remote sensing-based methods of estimating total evaporation are provided, especially considering the robust technological advancements and its potential in characterizing earth features over time and space. This work has also managed to identify research gaps and challenges in the accurate estimation of total evaporation, using remote sensing, especially with the emergence of more advanced sensors and the characteristics of the landscape.     

Seasonal warm-water refuge and sanctuary usage by the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Kings Bay,Citrus County,Florida

The largest Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) aggregation at a natural warm-water site occurs in Kings Bay, Crystal River, FL. In accordance with the Manatee Recovery Plan, manatee protection areas within Kings Bay have been created by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the State of Florida including a year-round refuge designation and seven Federal manatee sanctuaries during the winter manatee season (15 November–31 March). Over the last 30 years, an increase in manatee counts has been observed in Kings Bay which has prompted the need to review existing manatee protection measures. Aerial survey data collected between 1983 and 2012 were used to examine the seasonal change in manatee distribution within Kings Bay to assess the effectiveness of current sanctuary sizes and locations. Regression analysis suggested a significant change in manatee abundance among the winter seasons (p < 0.05). The average winter manatee counts increased by 4.81 animals per year over the 30-year period. Spatially explicit maps using geographic information system (GIS) analysis revealed a strong correlation between high manatee density and artesian springs in Kings Bay during the winter seasons. Highest abundances were identified at three locations: King Spring, Three Sisters Springs, and Magnolia Springs, which coincide with preexisting sanctuary designations. Additional coverage is advocated to support the overflow of manatees outside of sanctuary boundaries. As density patterns were not uniform across summer periods, a consideration of additional boat speed regulations is recommended.