基于改进蚁群算法的无人机低空公共航路构建方法

日益增加的无人机数量和飞手自由规划航线给航空安全带来极大隐患。构建一个安全、高效的航空飞行环境,可以为无人机活动设立隔离空域,并在隔离空域内规划无人机低空公共航路,以提高低空空域利用率,为无人机交通管理提供决策依据。本研究充分考虑无人机近地表飞行及其即时通讯等特点,以天津市为例,基于地理信息技术构建以多源地理空间数据为基础的无人机低空飞行环境,包括低空蜂窝网络环境、大气环境和政策空域环境等,并改进传统蚁群算法以搜索无人机最优路径,得到该区无人机低空公共航路网。研究结果表明,改进的蚁群算法大大提高了路径搜索效率,满足无人机航路规划的高时效性、动态更新等要求;并且天津市航路长度符合市场上现有的无人机最远航程要求,基本满足现有的无人机运输要求。本研究描述的无人机低空公共航路研究的核心算法和关键技术,可以为无人机管控系统提供核心技术支撑。     

基于近台数据的2017-06巴东M4.3地震序列震源深度研究

利用三峡遥测地震台网和流动加密台资料计算2017-06巴东M4.3地震序列震源深度并分析其深度误差。结果显示,序列震源深度主要分布在3~5 km;流动加密台观测明显改善了震源深度测定精度,其震源深度误差由平均1.8 km减少到1.1 km。研究认为,直达波法测定三峡遥测台网（特别是布置流动加密台后）网内地震可获得较高精度的震源深度。     

Savonius型桨叶水动力特性研究

Savonius桨叶是一种典型的垂直轴阻力型桨叶,在风力发电中广泛应用。这种桨叶具有在多风向作用下单向转动的特性。利用该特性,将其应用于捕获水质点运动方向发生周期性或非周期性改变的波浪能的相关研究。采用Fluent数值仿真软件并基于UDF二次开发技术建立桨叶三维数值模型,分析叶片重叠率、相对入水深度和开口率等参数对桨叶动转矩和功率等水动力特性的影响,搭建实验平台,开展物理模型对照试验。研究结果表明:叶片重叠率有助于减小S型桨叶负转矩;当桨叶在水面上高度与波幅相等时,其功率系数达到最大;在叶片上增加弹片阀开口,可以增大桨叶动转矩系数,当开口面积达到一半时,动转矩系数比未开口桨叶提高28.3%。     

基于能量平衡的跨海桥梁钢管桩局部冲深计算

综合国内外现有研究成果,分析了桩周流场结构及局部冲刷坑的分布形态,通过三维数值模拟,验证了局部冲刷最大值点出现在桩前,且冲坑坡度近似等于泥沙水下休止角的结论。从国内外规范内局部冲深计算公式中筛选出跨海桥梁钢管桩局部冲刷深度的主要影响因素。基于能量平衡理论,通过来流水流搬运冲刷坑内泥沙过程中的能量守恒,推导了概念清晰、形式简单的局部冲刷深度预测公式。区别于现有多数公式主体结构,该公式为关于局部冲深的一元三次方程,通过水下泥沙休止角来考虑泥沙对冲刷的影响以及冲刷过程中冲刷坑自身深度及范围变化对冲刷产生的影响。利用最小二乘法,结合环杭州湾区域三座跨海大桥的试验及实测数据拟合确定了公式相关参数,并与国内外规范内的公式对比验证,结果表明,该公式精度较高,可为实际工程计算分析提供参考。     

Prediction of scour depth at piers with debris accumulation effects using linear genetic programming

Abstract

Exact evaluation of scour depth around piers under debris accumulation is crucial for the safe design of pier structures. Experimental studies on scouring around pier bridges with debris accumulation have been conducted to estimate the maximum scour depth using various empirical relationships. However, due to the oversimplification of a complex process, the proposed relationships have not always been able to accurately predict the pier scour depth. This research proposes linear genetic programming (LGP) approach as an extension of the genetic programming to predict the scour depth around bridge piers. Among the artificial intelligence techniques, LGP and locally weighted linear regression (LWLR) models have not been used to predict the scour depth at bridge piers. Literature experimental data were collected and used to develop the models. The performance of the LGP method was compared with gene-expression programming, LWLR, multilinear regression and empirical equations using rigorous statistical criteria. The correlation coefficient (R) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) were (R?=?0.962, RMSE =0.31) and (R?=?0.885, RMSE =0.542) for the LGP and LWLR, respectively. The results demonstrated the superiority of the LGP method for increasing the accuracy of the predicted scour depth in comparison with the other models.     

南海风生近惯性能通量的敏感性分析

After validated by the in-situ observation, the slab model is used to study the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux(NIEF) in the South China Sea(SCS) based on satellite-observed wind data, and its dependence on calculation methods and threshold criteria of the mixed layer depth(MLD) is investigated. Results illustrate that the total amount of NIEF in the SCS could be doubled if different threshold criteria of MLD are adopted. The NIEF calculated by the iteration and spectral solutions can lead to a discrepancy of 2.5 GW(1 GW=1×109 W). Results also indicate that the NIEF exhibits spatial and temporal variations, which are significant in the boreal autumn,and in the southern part of the SCS. Typhoons are an important generator of NIEF in the SCS, which could account for approximately 30% of the annual mean NIEF. In addition, deepening of the MLD due to strong winds could lead to a decrease of NIEF by approximately by 10%. We re-estimate the annual mean NIEF in the SCS,which is(10±4) GW and much larger than those reported in previous studies.     

Maximum Force of Inclined Pullout of A Torpedo Anchor in Cohesive Beds

Torpedo anchors have been used in mooring systems for deep-water oil and gas projects owing to their prominent advantages, such as low cost and easy installation. The maximum force of torpedo anchors is crucial not only to the safety and stability of vessels and other marine facilities, but also for an economical design. It is necessary to develop reliable formula for fast predicting their maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor in cohesive beds. In this study, the maximum inclined force of a torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was extensively investigated. 316 sets of inclined pullout laboratory tests were carried out for 9 differently shaped torpedo anchors which were vertically embedded in different cohesive beds. The loading curves were automatically acquisitioned and their characteristics were analyzed. The load angle relative to the horizontal varied from 20° to 90°. A new formula for fast calculating the maximum inclined force of the torpedo anchor vertically embedded in cohesive beds was obtained based on force analysis and a nonlinear regression on the data from the present and other studies. Effect aspects on the tests are discussed and further studies are highlighted.     

盐度对变化2014年东北太平洋“暖泡”的作用

A significant strong, warm "Blob"(a large circular water body with a positive ocean temperature anomaly)appeared in the Northeast Pacific(NEP) in the boreal winter of 2013–2014, which induced many extreme climate events in the US and Canada. In this study, analyses of the temperature and salinity anomaly variations from the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography(Argo) data provided insights into the formation of the warm"Blob" over the NEP. The early negative salinity anomaly dominantly contributed to the shallower mixed layer depth(MLD) in the NEP during the period of 2012–2013. Then, the shallower mixed layer trapped more heat in the upper water column and resulted in a warmer sea surface temperature(SST), which enhanced the warm"Blob". The salinity variability contributed to approximately 60% of the shallowing MLD related to the warm"Blob". The salinity anomaly in the warm "Blob" region resulted from a combination of both local and nonlocal effects. The freshened water at the surface played a local role in the MLD anomaly. Interestingly, the MLD anomaly was more dependent on the local subsurface salinity anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range in the NEP.The salinity anomaly in the 50–100 m depth range may be linked to the anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range by vertical advection or mixing. The salinity anomaly in the 100–150 m depth range resulted from the eastward transportation of a subducted water mass that was freshened west of the dateline, which played a nonlocal role.The results suggest that the early salinity anomaly in the NEP related to the warm "Blob" may be a precursor signal of interannual and interdecadal variabilities.     

内孤立波作用下竖直圆柱体的横向力研究

本文对内孤立波作用下圆柱体的水动力特性进行了数值研究。对不同直径、不同水深比、不同浸没深度的圆柱进行了水平方向受力分析,从多个因素出发,研究了内孤立波对水下竖直圆柱的水平作用情况。通过分析水平作用力和力矩的时程曲线,得到内孤立波行进过程中对于圆柱体的横向作用力和力矩与时间的关系。通过对比不同工况下内孤立波橫向作用力幅值,得到内孤立波作用力幅值与圆柱直径、水深比以及浸没深度的关系。结果表明,内孤立波横向作用力(力矩)幅值与圆柱直径呈线性相关关系,但与水深比相关关系不明显,随着圆柱浸没深度的增加,内孤立波横向作用力幅值呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。