安徽淮北煤矿富水区被动式超低频电磁探测结果解析

被动式超低频电磁法是一种在地表直接接收来自地下3～3000Hz频段的天然超低频电磁信号,通过对接收信号的处理和解释实现对地下的岩性界面、构造、资源和能源进行探测,拥有巨大开发潜力的地球物理勘探新方法.首先简述了富水区的被动式超低频电磁探测机理,其次结合安徽省淮北市煤矿富水区的探测实例来说明该方法的适用性和局限性.在数据处理上采用曲线叠加平均、平滑和特征深度标定的方法,同时采用了测深曲线和视电阻率等值断面进行地质解释.解释结果和已知钻孔资料对比发现,无论在测深曲线上,还是在断面图上,富水区均具有明显的特征.     

娄江特大桥深孔泵吸反循环工艺的改进

随着国家基础设施投入的加大,桩径1000－2000 mm、孔深100－130 m的钻孔灌注桩在各类工程中屡被采用。泵吸反循环传统上被用于孔深不超过80 m的深孔,在京沪高铁第六标段娄江特大桥钻孔灌注桩施工中,通过对现有的反循环钻机进行改进,很大程度上提高了泵吸反循环的工作效率,顺利地完成了孔深131 m、桩径1.8 m桩孔的施工,产生了很好的经济效益。     

埋藏岩溶洞穴垮塌深度定量图版及其在碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地质评价预测中的意义

通过对岩溶洞穴垮塌的岩石力学原理及塔里木盆地奥陶系实钻资料的分析,基本明确了洞穴埋藏垮塌的控制因素是岩石抗弯强度、洞穴尺度、洞穴距风化暴露面的距离等,并得到了洞穴垮塌深度的定量图版。该图版对于钻前预测现今埋藏于地下的碳酸盐岩洞穴是否已经垮塌、洞穴埋藏演化史精确恢复以及对裂缝—洞穴型储层的评价预测具有较强的实践意义。     

泥页岩吸附气量随地层埋深变化趋势预测分析

泥页岩在地层温度和压力条件下的吸附气量对于资源评价、有利区优选具有重要意义。因此,有必要确定在温度和压力双变量因素影响下页岩的吸附气量及其变化规律。通过合理运用不同温度下的等温吸附实验数据,将温度和压力双变量因素转化为埋深这个单一因素。选取某A样品,进行不同温度下的等温吸附实验,合理利用不同温度点和实验测试压力点的吸附气量数据,并通过温度梯度、压力系数实现温度、压力、埋深之间的相互转换,预测出其它温度点对应的吸附气量,从而建立该样品吸附气量随着埋深变化的定量预测模型。通过该模型计算未测试温度点的吸附量,结果准确可靠,认为该方法可以作为一种计算页岩吸附气含量的新方法。研究表明吸附气量随着深度的变化存在一个深度转折点,在该深度以浅的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而增大,压力起决定作用;在该深度以深的范围,吸附气量随着深度的增大而减小,温度起决定作用。     

动力排水固结法加固浦东机场促淤地基试验研究

基于浦东国际机场快件处理中心促淤场地的加固处理实践,介绍采用动力排水固结法处理促淤饱和软粘土地基的工艺对吹填粉细砂上试夯区的试验研究,结果表明采取低能量“少击多遍”的强夯施工工艺,并辅以竖向塑料排水板的方法来加固处理饱和促淤软粘土是可行的,促淤地基的力学性能和变形性能显著提高,并实现了用吹填粉细砂代替中粗砂作为强夯垫层,大大降低了工程成本。通过对大面积强夯施工处理效果的检测表明,动力排水固结法加固处理促淤地基效果明显。     

Global Correlations of Ocean Ridge Basalt Chemistry with Axial Depth: a New Perspective

The petrological parameters Na₈ and Fe₈, which are Na₂O andFeO contents in mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) melts correctedfor fractionation effects to MgO = 8 wt%, have been widely usedas indicators of the extent and pressure of mantle melting beneathocean ridges. We find that these parameters are unreliable.Fe₈ is used to compute the mantle solidus depth (P_o) and temperature(T_o), and it is the values and range of Fe₈ that have led tothe notion that mantle potential temperature variation of T_P= 250 K is required to explain the global ocean ridge systematics.This interpreted T_P = 250 K range applies to ocean ridges awayfrom ‘hotspots’. We find no convincing evidencethat calculated values for P_o, T_o, and T_P using Fe₈ have anysignificance. We correct for fractionation effect to Mg^# = 0·72,which reveals mostly signals of mantle processes because meltswith Mg^# = 0·72 are in equilibrium with mantle olivineof Fo_89·6 (vs evolved olivine of Fo_{88·1–79·6}in equilibrium with melts of Fe₈). To reveal first-order MORBchemical systematics as a function of ridge axial depth, weaverage out possible effects of spreading rate variation, local-scalemantle source heterogeneity, melting region geometry variation,and dynamic topography on regional and segment scales by usingactual sample depths, regardless of geographical location, withineach of 22 ridge depth intervals of 250 m on a global scale.These depth-interval averages give Fe₇₂ = 7·5–8·5,which would give T_P = 41 K (vs 250 K based on Fe₈) beneathglobal ocean ridges. The lack of Fe₇₂–Si₇₂ and Si₇₂–ridgedepth correlations provides no evidence that MORB melts preservepressure signatures as a function of ridge axial depth. We thusfind no convincing evidence for T_P > 50 K beneath globalocean ridges. The averages have also revealed significantcorrelations of MORB chemistry (e.g. Ti₇₂, Al₇₂, Fe₇₂,Mg₇₂, Ca₇₂, Na₇₂ and Ca₇₂/Al₇₂) with ridge axial depth. Thechemistry–depth correlation points to an intrinsic linkbetween the two. That is, the 5 km global ridge axial reliefand MORB chemistry both result from a common cause: subsolidusmantle compositional variation (vs T_P), which determines themineralogy, lithology and density variations that (1) isostaticallycompensate the 5 km ocean ridge relief and (2) determine thefirst-order MORB compositional variation on a global scale.A progressively more enriched (or less depleted) fertileperidotite source (i.e. high Al₂O₃ and Na₂O, and low CaO/Al₂O₃)beneath deep ridges ensures a greater amount of modal garnet(high Al₂O₃) and higher jadeite/diopside ratios in clinopyroxene(high Na₂O and Al₂O₃, and lower CaO), making a denser mantle,and thus deeper ridges. The dense fertile mantle beneath deepridges retards the rate and restricts the amplitude of the upwelling,reduces the rate and extent of decompression melting, givesway to conductive cooling to a deep level, forces melting tostop at such a deep level, leads to a short melting column,and thus produces less melt and probably a thin magmatic crustrelative to the less dense (more refractory) fertile mantlebeneath shallow ridges. Compositions of primitive MORB meltsresult from the combination of two different, but geneticallyrelated processes: (1) mantle source inheritance and (2) meltingprocess enhancement. The subsolidus mantle compositional variationneeded to explain MORB chemistry and ridge axial depth variationrequires a deep isostatic compensation depth, probably in thetransition zone. Therefore, although ocean ridges are of shalloworigin, their working is largely controlled by deep processesas well as the effect of plate spreading rate variation at shallowlevels. KEY WORDS: mid-ocean ridges; mantle melting; magma differentiation; petrogenesis; MORB chemistry variation; ridge depth variation; global correlations; mantle compositional variation; mantle source density variation; mantle potential temperature variation; isostatic compensation     

哈尔滨市松北区水库雍水浸没评价

浸没问题是平原型水库主要地质灾害之一。在分析了哈尔滨市松北区雍水浸没成控因素的基础上,采用地下水流数值模拟技术对研究区在不同开采方案下的雍水浸没进行评价,并综合考虑区内的地表覆盖情况、建筑物地基形式等因素,提出了适合研究区水文地质条件的浸没标准：农田区为粉质粘土2.50 m, 粉细砂1.50 m;建筑物区为粉质粘土3.50 m,粉细砂3.00 m。将研究区划分为可能浸没区、过渡浸没区和不发生浸没区,并确定了各浸没区的范围。     

The light transmission and seiche depth of Izmir Bay,western Turkey

Izmir Bay is one of the most polluted estuaries in the whole Mediterranean Sea. The inner part of the Bay (Inner Bay) is heavily affected by domestic and industrial discharge. As a result of these loads, strong eutrophication occurs in the Inner Bay, which is temporally anaerobic. The ecologically sensitive approach of the local authorities during the last decade has given rise to a wide variety of monitoring and research studies on this bay. On the other hand, the municipality of Izmir started to operate wastewater treatment facilities since January 2000. The Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology — Izmir (IMST) with its research vessel R/V K Piri Reis has been conducting an intensive monitoring program since 1988 and especially during the recent few years. These investigations provide an opportunity for the evaluation of the performance of the wastewater treatment plant in terms of the change in the optical properties of Izmir Bay water in a positive manner. The turbidity values measured in these monitoring studies indicate that the values have changed drastically after January 2000. Their spatial variation indicates that the values decrease from the Inner Bay towards the Aegean Sea. The turbidity (light transmission) values are measured with an automatic CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) system during each cruise. The seiche disc depth measurement is carried out only occasionally. The accuracy of the seiche disc depth is dependent on certain daylight conditions and depends on the operator. The seiche disc depth (D _s) is an important parameter to estimate primary production of organic matter (hereafter called production). A relation between light transmission (turbidity) value and seiche disc depth (D _s) is found with very good agreement. The correlations are very high (approximately 0.94) with slight seasonal variation.     

水库渗流影响文物遗址安全发掘研究——以湖南里耶秦代古城遗址为例

与古遗址相邻的江、河由于后期的工程活动,如水库、大坝的修建和蓄水,水位上升,将对遗址区地下水的运动规律及渗流场产生较大影响。在其影响下,古遗址可能产生各种环境地质灾害并对其发掘安全产生不利影响。论文以国家重点文物——湖南里耶秦代古城遗址安全发掘深度研究为例,在分析水库蓄水诱发的环境地质灾害的基础上,对遗址在不同库水位下的安全发掘深度及发掘方案进行了研究,提出了保障发掘安全的工程措施。研究成果为国家重点文物的保护和进一步发掘提供了科学依据。对类似文物工程的保护和发掘具有借鉴意义。     

完善我国现行《矿产资源法》的构想

为了使我国现行的《矿产资源法》的修改与完善能更加与我国的矿业经济相适应。试从：（1）理顺矿产资源所有权和土地所有权关系;（2）完善矿业权市场流转的规定;（3）完善矿业环境保护与治理的规定;（4）建立权利金制度,合理征收资源税与矿产资源补偿费;（5）完善小型矿山采矿行为的规定;（6）制定限制外商投资我国战略性矿产资源的规定;（7）制定建立战略性矿产储备制度的规定等几方面,对其完善的构想进行论述。以供相关人士参考。