Looking beyond the neighbourhood: income inequality and residential segregation in Swedish metropolitan areas, 1991–2010

In recent years, residential segregation has become a major issue in the Swedish policy debate. The prevailing view is that residential segregation is a crucial contributing factor to the development of income inequality, since individual income prospects are thought to be influenced by the population characteristics of their neighbourhoods. This study takes the opposite approach and analyses the extent to which, in the period 1991–2010, rising income inequality contributed to the development of residential segregation by income in Swedish metropolitan areas. The period was characterized by unprecedented growth in income inequality, which was associated with a decline in the redistributive power of the welfare state. Residential segregation by income mirrored locally the general trend in income inequality. Another factor was the change in income dispersion in neighbourhoods, relative to the metropolitan areas as a whole, which indicates a tendency towards increased population homogeneity in neighbourhoods with respect to income.     

乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移研究

清朝乾隆年间，清政府对新疆实行移民实地政策，人口大量迁移到新疆。天山北麓东段是新疆主要的人口迁入地区，其人口迁移分为民户迁移、商户迁移、遣户迁移、兵眷迁移和安插户迁移等几种类型，以民户迁移为主。移民的来源地以甘肃、陕西等邻近省份为主，人口迁移的方式以官府有组织的迁移为主、以民间自流的方式为辅。民户人口迁移的高峰在乾隆三十年代，乾隆四十五以后人口迁移规模变小，整个乾隆年间天山北麓东段人口迁移的规模为16．4万人左右，迁移人口主要分布在以乌鲁木齐和巴里坤为中心的两个地区。     

舟坝水电站库区某移民新场址的稳定性评价

受拟建马边河舟坝水库蓄水影响,库区部分老场镇将被淹没,前期资料表明,目前规划的某新场址位于一古滑坡体上,因此该滑坡的稳定性对拟建场址移民居住的适宜性有决定性的作用。通过阐述该滑坡的地质条件及成因机制、变形破坏特征,对滑坡进行了定性分析和定量综合评价。结果表明,该古滑坡体在现状及蓄水后均处于整体稳定状态,但局部受场址的开发性影响可能存在局部失稳,建议采取一定防护措施,以满足移民新场址要求。     

广东跨省流入人口缩减的演化格局及影响因素研究

跨省流入缩减是广东人口迁移进程中的新现象。基于五普、六普和2015年1%人口抽样数据,本文分别刻画了广东2000—2015年省域和县市尺度跨省流入缩减演化格局特征,讨论了县市单元和典型案例城市省际流入缩减演化分异的成因机理。结论如下：① 2010—2015年,广东跨省流入人口缩减已初见雏形,四川、湖北、河南和湖南等15省份来粤人口出现下降。② 5年来县市尺度跨省流入缩减态势显著,省际流入缩减的县市比重高达84.09%,省际流入缩减演化格局中以流入扩张转流入缩减类型占据主导,其中省际流入较为活跃的珠三角和外围地市辖区开始出现流入缩减。③ 相比于省际流入持续扩张区,第三产业就业、人均财政支出、固定资产投资、外资占GDP比重及人口密度是省际流入扩张区发生流入缩减的负向抑制因素,而第二产业就业规模则是其正向促进因素。技术创新和公共服务是广州和深圳省际流入缩减 分异的主要原因,东莞省际流入缩减与珠海省际流入扩张分别受外需疲软和宜人居住环境的影响。     

当代国际移民创业研究进展

移民创业活动是经济地理学研究中一个重要主题。创业是一种经济活动,但不同群体的创业活动蕴含着不同文化内涵和行为选择。移民创业的研究是解读移民群体社会与文化形成的一个关键的维度。移民群体具有明显的边界,其内部的空间秩序、社会网络、族裔文化以及共同的身份认同都是值得探讨话题,因此学界对移民创业活动给予了持续的关注。移民活动日益频繁,所涉及的行业地域日益扩大,对移民创业群体的研究有利于促进区域经济发展、了解全球政治网络,沟通地理学与社会学和经济学的研究融合,是经济地理学研究中值得关注的问题。本文基于Citespace软件,运用文献分析法,从国际移民创业概念内涵阐述、研究动态、研究前沿及演变、未来研究可能四个方面出发,阐述移民创业研究的历史脉络及进展。研究发现美国和英国在移民创业中占有重要地位。区域创业环境是研究者们主要关注的话题,与创业联系最为紧密的是绩效（0.28）、自雇佣（0.17）和组织（0.17）等关键词研究。全球化趋势不可逆转,跨国主义日趋强盛,未来关于移民及移民创业的研究大有可期。     

从清代新疆屯垦政策角度谈屯田与生态环境的关系——以天山北路东部屯垦为中心

近年来,清代新疆屯田与生态环境的关系已成为研究热点。但多数只是从经济史或社会史的角度,作为研究的出发点,只注重了屯田对环境所造成的负面影响,对其正面影响多无涉及,得出屯田是造成土地沙漠化扩大的主要因素。事实上,这样的结论并不符合历史事实。为此,选取清代天山北路东部屯垦作为研究对象,运用历史农业地理的理论与方法,在小尺度的范围内,探求屯垦政策下所进行的农业开发与生态环境变化之间的互动性,以求对二者之间关系有个正确的定位。其主旨不是就清代屯田对生态环境影响进行的重新研究,而是从屯垦政策的角度,通过对清代移民人口、屯田规模、农业技术选择、土地权属及在屯田过程中所形成相关人文要素进行探讨,并由此所引起的屯田与生态环境的关系进行分析。结果表明屯田对生态环境影响主要表现在其积极的方面上,即戈壁变为绿洲,而不是所说的屯田引起沙漠化扩大,也就是说,其负面影响并不突出。这样就为我们能够正确认识清代新疆地区环境变迁提供了理论及事实上的支持。从而得出,自然本身、战争等其它要素,应该是环境变迁的主要因素。     

Assembling insurgent citizenship: immigrant advocacy struggles in the Washington DC metropolitan area

This article examines the political and spatial registers of struggles against exclusionary local immigration policies and for more welcoming policies in the Washington DC metropolitan area, one of the hotspots for both local anti-immigration policies and immigrant advocacy in the United States. We conceptualize immigrant advocacy not simply as an alliance, but instead as an assemblage that brings together a diverse set of differently positioned actors and nonhuman actants. The assemblage enacts a diverse politics that deploys different forms of activism, while engaging different publics (e.g., religious communities, unions, the larger public sphere in public spaces, etc.) and the state in complex ways. From acting outside the state to engaging in claims-making towards the state, immigrant advocates are making claims and actions that challenge and go beyond dominant conceptions of citizenship rights and liberal democratic politics. The spatial register is similarly diverse. The immigrant advocacy assemblage is confronted with and enacts a different politics of place in central cities and inner- and outer-ring suburbs. Contestations of exclusionary local policies, however, are not simply about a local politics of place. To the contrary, some actors and actants in the assemblage are actively involved in extra-local networking, collaborating across jurisdictional boundaries—between central cities and inner-and outer-ring suburbs within the Washington DC metropolitan area and across the United States. The complexities of these contestations call into question post-political narratives of “proper” politics, underscoring the need for an empirically grounded critical theory of democracy. This article contributes to this task by providing a geographically and historically sensitive analysis of the immigrant advocacy assemblage.     

Gendering Job Competition: Immigration and African American Employment in Chicago, 1990-2000

This investigation of demographic changes between 1990 and 2000 within African American employment concentrations in Chicago finds that the effects of immigration on African American employment differ by gender. Black women increasingly shared their niche industries with immigrant women without being displaced, a pattern of coexistence that indicates the primacy of gender in sorting women into employment. By contrast, similar patterns were absent between African American and immigrant men, and several niche industries reflected competition. Yet economic restructuring more significantly affected African American male and female employment than immigration. Among women, these same trends also affected immigrants. Both groups were adversely affected by the growth of low-wage employment in female-dominated, care-work jobs—their primary industries of overlap. These findings underscore the significance of gender in problematizing ethnic/racial divisions of labor and the need to consider economic consequences that cross these divisions as well as derive from them within urban economies.