源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区预测方法

为了研究含油气盆地源外斜坡区油气分布规律,在源外斜坡区断砂配置运聚机制及有利分布区研究的基础上,通过砂体连通分布区和砂体所在地层顶面砂体输导油气汇聚区,确定油气成藏期砂体输导油气分布区;通过断裂填充物泥质含量与断裂侧向封闭所需的最小填充物泥质含量的相对大小,确定油气成藏期河道砂体上倾方向断裂侧向封闭部位,二者叠合建立了一套源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区预测方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷有利于油气运聚的扣村断裂与沙一下亚段砂体配置分布区的预测中。结果表明：有利于油气运聚的扣村断裂与沙一下亚段砂体配置分布区主要分布在其东部,有利于西北歧南次凹沙三段源岩生成油气在扣村断裂附近沙一下亚段内聚集成藏,与目前扣村断裂附近沙一下亚段已发现油气主要分布在其东部相吻合,表明该方法用于预测源外斜坡区有利于油气运聚的断砂配置分布区是可行的。     

670矿床火山围岩铀赋存状态及配分研究

670矿床是中国东南部中生代火山岩带内典型的火山岩型铀钼矿床;矿床具有叠加成矿特点.本文利用诱发裂变径迹的方法研究了矿床火山围岩中铀的赋存状态及配分.结果表明火山围岩中的铀主要有三种赋存状态:(一)分布在火山基质及晶屑内均匀分散的质点铀,其裂变径迹是弥散状或弧立星射状分布;(二)吸附在蚀变矿物表面、矿物隙间及微裂隙内的聚合态铀,其裂变径迹为密集带状及团块状;(三)分布在副矿物中或呈铀矿物存在的铀,其裂变径迹为聚合星射状及团块状.矿物的蚀变过程,如绿泥石化、碳酸盐化等可改变火山围岩铀的赋存状态,造成铀在岩石中的活化和预富集,从而有利于矿化.因此火山围岩中铀的含量虽然较低,但对火山岩型铀矿的形成仍有重要意义.     

断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝发育模式探讨

围绕库车前陆盆地内某典型断层转折褶皱剖面,实测统计该剖面不同构造部位的剪切裂缝,分析断层转折褶皱中剪切裂缝的发育规律,进而建立断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式。统计结果表明,研究区剪切裂缝有2种类型,一类是与岩层面高角度相交的高角度缝,广泛发育在构造各个部位;另一类是与层面近于平行的顺层裂缝,主要发育在断层面附近,并随岩层的变形,产状发生改变。远离断层面,剪切裂缝发育程度整体上呈减小趋势,下盘裂缝发育强度的减小大于上盘,上盘裂缝发育强度整体大于下盘。褶皱内层剪切裂缝较外层发育,褶皱两翼裂缝发育强度大于褶皱枢纽。断层产状的改变,会引起上盘运动状态的改变,使得在上盘活动轴面附近出现应力集中,局部剪切裂缝发育强度出现增大现象。断层转折褶皱剪切裂缝的发育模式可以分为3个阶段,断层形成前主要发育与层面高角度相交的区域性剪切裂缝;断层形成初期,断层面附近两盘牵引变形不明显,上盘穿过断坡下部破折点处活动轴面的部分会产生新的剪切裂缝,即与岩层高角度相交剪切缝和与断层面低角度相交剪切缝;牵引构造明显时,断层面附近两盘弯曲部位会产生顺层剪切裂缝,两翼的裂缝发育强度大于枢纽。      

压实黏质砂土脱湿过程影响机制的核磁共振分析

通过对具有不同初始含水率和干密度的两种压实黏质砂土的脱湿曲线进行测试、分析和对比,并结合核磁共振技术,探讨了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对压实黏质砂土脱湿过程的影响规律。利用核磁共振测得了试样在各级吸力下的T2时间（横向弛豫时间）分布曲线,定性地探讨了不同吸力下试样中的水分分布特征,揭示了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对试样脱湿过程的微观机制影响。试验结果表明：干密度仅在低基质吸力条件下对试样脱湿过程产生重要影响,而在高吸力条件下初始含水率和试样组分起主导作用;核磁共振结果证实在压实黏质砂土中,小孔隙结构主要由初始含水率和试样组分控制,而大孔隙的结构主要取决于干密度;试样组分对压实土的内部结构和孔隙大小分布的影响比初始含水率大。     

新疆红海地区成矿有利地质体地面波谱特征及蚀变矿物分布研究

正红海地区位处新疆东天山成矿带卡拉塔格中西部,前人在该区已开展区域地质、物化探测量、多金属矿产勘查,以及针对多金属矿床的专题研究(聂凤军等,2001;左国朝等,1990),发现了较多的铜、金、铅锌等多金属矿床、矿点。但针对成矿有利地质体的蚀变研究较少。红海地区地表基岩裸露,植被分布极少,地形起伏小,围岩蚀变强烈发育,有利于发挥高光谱遥感的技术优势,开展成矿有利地质体的地面波谱特征研究,揭示成矿地质     

Distribution Characteristics and Accumulation Model for the Coal‐formed Gas Generated from Permo‐Carboniferous Coal Measures in Bohai Bay Basin,China: A Review

Coal-formed gas generated from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures has become one of the most important targets for deep hydrocarbon exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin, offshore eastern China. However, the proven gas reserves from this source rock remain low to date, and the distribution characteristics and accumulation model for the coal-formed gas are not clear. Here we review the coal-formed gas deposits formed from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Bohai Bay Basin. The accumulations are scattered, and dominated by middle-small sized gas fields, of which the proven reserves ranging from 0.002 to 149.4×108 m3 with an average of 44.30×108 m3 and a mid-point of 8.16×108 m3. The commercially valuable gas fields are mainly found in the central and southern parts of the basin. Vertically, the coal-formed gas is accumulated at multiple stratigraphic levels from Paleogene to Archaeozoic, among which the Paleogene and PermoCarboniferous are the main reservoir strata. According to the transporting pathway, filling mechanism and the relationship between source rocks and reservoir, the coal-formed gas accumulation model can be defined into three types: "Upward migrated, fault transported gas" accumulation model, "Laterally migrated, sandbody transported gas" accumulation model, and "Downward migrated, sub-source, fracture transported gas" accumulation model. Source rock distribution, thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation capacity are the fundamental controlling factors for the macro distribution and enrichment of the coal-formed gas. The fault activity and the configuration of fault and caprock control the vertical enrichment pattern.     

利用SAXS表征不同变质程度煤纳米孔隙特征

文章通过小角X 射线散射（SAXS） 的方法研究了自然演化系列不同煤级煤的纳米孔隙结构和分布特征。结果表明, 随着煤级的增高,孔隙表面分形呈多阶段变化： Ro＜0.89%,壳质组开始逐渐液化,发育大量孔隙,分形维数不断增大; Ro 为0.9%~1.5%,因挥发分生油充填孔隙和原油沥青的芳构化等作用,而使微孔表面平整光滑,分形维数减小;Ro 为1.5% ~3.5%,镜质组裂解生气发育了大量纳米孔隙,分形维数再次增大;随后逐渐石墨化,表面分形再次降低。煤中纳米级孔 隙主要集中在50~100 nm 范围内。其中细介孔（2~10 nm） 体积百分比占0.21%~3.12%,中介孔（10~25 nm） 体积百分比占 5.06%~11.28%,粗介孔（25~50 nm） 体积百分比占21.06%~26.36%,大孔（50~100 nm） 所占体积百分比最大,高达 64.63%~68.36%。随着煤级升高,煤样的最可几孔径不断减小,最可几孔径由80 nm 减小到10 nm,减小的速度由缓到快; 中介孔和细介孔体积百分比不断增大,与成熟度分别呈对数和线性关系;粗介孔和大孔百分比不断减少,与成熟度呈对数 关系。最可几孔径变化也十分明显,在低煤化烟煤阶段时,随煤化程度增高最可几孔径略有下降（峰值处的孔径范围在 75~71 nm 内）,中高煤化烟煤阶段时,随煤化程度的增高最可几孔径呈较明显的下降趋势（峰值处的孔径范围在78~53 nm 内）,到无烟煤阶段时,其孔径则快速下降（峰值处的孔径范围在72~9 nm）。     

The log-normal distribution for hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays: Two or three parameters?

Risk and uncertainty assessments for waste containment systems employing clay barriers often include spatial variability in the hydraulic conductivity as part of the analysis. The two-parameter log-normal distribution is often used to describe the spatial variability, but for compacted clays the three-parameter form can be more appropriate. A statistical hypothesis test was developed that can be used to determine if the two- or three-parameter form of the log-normal distribution is more appropriate. The test is based on a likelihood ratio, comparing likelihood functions for the two- and three-parameter forms at their maximums. Likelihood functions are used assuming that a data set can be segregated into a set of distinct groups of hydraulic conductivities. A step-by-step calculation procedure is described and the test is applied to data collected from 45 sites.     

Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.