雷达卫星SAR与防卫气象卫星SSM/I对渤海海冰的观测研究

用雷达卫星(RADARSAT)合成孔径雷达(SAR)和防卫气象卫星(DMSP)特别微波成像辐射计(SSM/I)在1999年1月23日同一天对中国渤海区域海冰的观测数据，进行了主动SAR与被动SSM/I的组合研究.用一层海冰电磁散射辐射的建模与数值模拟，分析了中纬度渤海沿岸海冰的特征性变化，提出用SSM/I辐射亮度温度的散射指数、极化指数、极化比率来识别渤海海冰；用RADARSAT高分辨率SAR数据(水平极化后向散射系数)对渤海海冰物理特征进行识别与分类.这些特征指数在时间与空间尺度上的相关变化可有效地应用于渤海海冰的监察.     

常德市太阳山周围村镇建筑抗震性能调查

通过对常德市太阳山东西两则农村和集镇515栋房屋的32项建筑指标的调查,揭示了农村和集镇建筑抗震性能现状,分析了本区农村建筑抗震设防存在的问题和地震时可能造成的破坏,提出了相应的抗震措施.     

极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川流速的遥感监测研究

测定南极冰川的流速 ,对于研究南极冰雪物质平衡、南极环境变化及其对全球环境的影响有重大意义。本文论述了利用多时相卫星遥感影像监测冰川变化的原理和方法 ,通过对英格里特 .克里斯泰森海岸不同时期的遥感影像进行几何纠正和配准及叠加处理 ,测量和计算出极地记录冰川和达尔克冰川的平均流速 ,并对它们的变化特点进行了初步的分析和评价。     

The postglacial environmental development of Raffles Sø, East Greenland: inferences from a 10,000 year diatom record

A 341 cm long sediment sequence was recovered from the unofficially named Raffles Sø on Raffles Ø, outer Scoresby Sund region, East Greenland. The sediment sequence consists in the upper part (0–230 cm) of a stratified gyttja enriched in organic carbon and biogenic silica whereas the lower core part (235–341 cm) is composed of terrigenous, consolidated glacio-limnic sediments. ¹⁴C-AMS measurements indicate that the sediment sequence represents the entire Holocene lake history from 10,030 calibrated radiocarbon years.The geochemical parameters (opal, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN)) and the total diatom concentration show similar developments during the Holocene, and reflect changes in biological production and nutrient input into the lake. These records clearly reveal a broad Holocene TOC-opal-maximum interval between 5200 and 1800 cal. yrs BP.The diatom flora consisted of 66 taxa representing 20 genera but only seven taxa were abundant and, sometimes, these were monospecifically dominant during the Holocene. In the sediment core from Raffles Sø four successive stratigraphical zones can be distinguished. Accumulation of diatom valves began at 9900 cal. yrs BP with a Stephanodiscus minutulus (Kütz.) Cleve and Möller dominated assemblage (stratigraphic zone 1) followed by a diatom flora dominated by Cyclotella pseudostelligera Hustedt and, less frequently, by Diatoma tenuis Agardh (9400 until 5900 cal. yrs BP, zone 2). Cyclotella sp. A, a taxon which belongs to the Cyclotella rossii-comensis-tripartita-complex, was the dominant floral element between 5200 and 1800 cal. yrs BP (zone 3). From 1800 cal. yrs BP, the periphytic taxa Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis (Østr.) Hustedt and F. capucina var. rumpens (Kütz.) Lange-Bertalot attained highest relative abundances, also almost monospecifically (zone 4).The distribution and composition of the diatom assemblages in the sediment record from Raffles Sø probably reflect past variations in the extent of the lake-ice cover during the growing season. More or less ice-free conditions during summer may have prevailed during the early Holocene until ca. 1800 cal. yrs BP, which allowed growth of planktonic diatoms (Cyclotella taxa) in the pelagic lake region. From 1800 cal. yrs BP, colder conditions lead to a perennial lake-ice cover with a small ice-free moat in summer which favored the growth of periphytic, littoral species (Fragilaria capucina varieties).     

The δ18O in the Guliya shallow ice core during the prevailing summer monsoons and sea-air interactions

The correlations of the δ¹⁸O_max in the shallow ice core from the Guliya ice cap on the Tibetan Plateau with the global sea surface temperatures (SST) and height at the 500 hPa over the Northern Hemisphere were analyzed. The correlated regions on oceans that have a significant influence on the δ¹⁸O_max in the Guliya ice core are all located in ocean currents, or convergent regions of currents. They are the eastern Equatorial Pacific, the Northern Pacific Current, the Hot Pool in the eastern Indian Ocean, the Mozambique Current, the Northern Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and the Atlantic Equatorial Current. The δ¹⁸O_max in the Guliya ice core has negative correlations with the SST located in the lower latitudes, and positive correlations with the SST in the middle latitudes. The correlated areas at the 500 hPa that have a great impact on the δ¹⁸O_max are located in the subtropical highs over the mid-low-latitude oceans and the long-wave trough area over Balkhash Lake, where there are marked negative correlations between the heights in those areas and the δ¹⁸O_max. The influencing mechanism is displayed by the diversity of the vapor origins transported to the Guliya region. The strengths of the European ridge and the ridge over Baikal Lake have notable positive correlations with the δ¹⁸O_max. The two systems indirectly influence the vapor transportation towards the Guliya region by the adjustment of long-wave trough and ridge.     

DUT-1非冻结合成模型冰的弯曲强度

简介了DUT-1非并结合成模型冰的功能，给出DUT－1模型冰的弯曲强度的测试装置和设备，讨论该模型冰在不同加载速度下的破坏方式和发生峰值弯曲强度的条件，通过悬臂梁上弯和下湾实验结果，说明DUT－1模型冰的各向同性，检验了浸水模型冰性能的稳定性和模型冰湿密度对峰值弯曲强度的效应。     

Investigations on the Quaternary Glaciation in the Khumbu Himal (Nepal, East-Himalaya)

Based on geomorphological field work the mapping of former lateral/terminal moraines in the middle segment of the Bhotekoshi Nadi is quite similar to the geomorphological findings of Heuberger (1956: Fig. 2). The deductive calculation of the equilibrium line altitudes is oriented on the reconstructed types of former glaciers. Based on the geomorphological findings of this valley segment the relation of Neoglacial and Late Glacial ice margins of the glaciers of the tributary valleys of the Bhotekoshi Nadi is not conclusive. A post-late glacial maximum snow-line depression of at least 950 m has not obligatory caused an ice fill of the Bhotekoshi Nadi below 3200 m. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

极地海冰异常对我国夏季大气环流和降水影响的数值研究

利用全球大气环流谱模式分别进行了南极和北极海冰面积异常偏大和偏小的数值试验，对６－８月的结果进行了对比分析，讨论了极地海冰异常对我国夏季大气环流和降水的可能影响。结果表明，南极或北极海冰面积异常偏大，则我国夏季风变弱，特别蝇使得南亚高压、西北太平洋副热带高压等减弱。南极海冰面积偏大使得我国黄河－长江－带地区降水减少，北极海冰面积偏大，造成我国东部地区的降水量有所减少，模拟结果与统计分析相一致。可同     

扁椭球形雨滴和冰粒后向散射实验与理论研究

本文介绍了对扁椭球形雨滴和冰（雹）粒散射能力的实验模拟和测量技术，报告了一个系列扁水(冰)椭球后向散射截面的实验测量结果；并用扩张边界条件法(EBCM)计算出相应的理论值，用Mie公式计算出等容积球形后向散射截面。将实验结果与理论计算作了综合对比分析，得到了若干有用的结论。     

降雨对浅层水流阻力的影响

通过实验室人工降雨水槽试验,研究了降雨影响下浅层水流的阻力规律。根据试验中观察到的物理现象及对实测资料的分析,讨论了降雨对浅层水流特性的影响,提出了"伪层流"的概念,建立了不同流区的Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数∫的估算式。研究成果可用于坡面流计算及土壤侵蚀模拟等方面。