广东省博罗县横河钠长石矿构造岩浆演化及成矿机理

通过对广东省博罗县横河超大型钠长石矿床、锡铌钽矿化带和金矿化带野外勘查和室内微观分析,发现岩浆随着构造演化而分异自交代成矿的特殊新颖现象。研究表明该矿区在不同的构造旋回中构造应力场的主压应力方向不同,持续构造压应力作用下发生不同构造序次,岩浆也随构造应力场的演化而分异。燕山构造旋回控制的早期第三阶段岩浆,结晶分异和气液分异导致强烈岩浆自交代形成超大型钠长石矿床;燕山构造旋回控制的晚期岩浆,随着构造演化产生云英岩化、石榴子石化等岩浆自交代而锡铌钽矿物结晶富集成矿;燕山构造旋回最晚期的北北西向、北北东向、北西向断裂,控制岩浆热液期的金矿化带。即本矿区经构造岩浆演化分异,发生岩浆自交代至热液蚀变演化系列成矿机理。     

470铀钼矿床地质特征及成因的初步探讨

470铀钼矿床产于华北地台北缘内蒙地轴之内的中生代红山子火山塌陷盆地中,由多个小矿床、矿点组成。各矿床（点）受火山盆地的环形断裂R、F2控制,铀钼矿体多为叠加矿体,少数独立存在。铀钼矿化与流纹斑岩的空间展布关系密切。热液蚀变从高温到低温均有发育,铀成矿温度为250～270℃,钼成矿温度为308-394℃。铀成矿年龄为150-160Ma,钼成矿年龄为120-130Ma。该矿床是在燕山早期岩浆期后热液铀矿化的基础上,经后期含钼热液叠加作用而形成的复成因铀钼矿床。     

清原县下大堡金矿控矿因素及找矿方向

通过对辽北下大堡金矿的主要成矿元素及成矿流体的热量、来源, 以及韧性剪切带与成矿的关系研究, 认为下大堡断裂次一级北西向张扭性断裂形成后, 燕山晚期安山玢岩侵入, 在安山玢岩上下盘形成低温低压仓, 因温度梯度及压力梯度形成的热液携带围岩中成矿物质而形成成矿流体,向低温低压仓运移,在运移过程中北西向张扭断裂受区域韧性剪切作用的改造,而表现为韧性剪切带性质,相应地使低温低压仓中的刚性、塑性岩石破碎及糜棱岩化,并形成相应的含金岩系,因此,下大堡金矿床属韧性剪切－ 中温热液蚀变岩型叠加矿床。     

黑龙江二十一站-宝兴沟( 铜) 金矿床特征及其热液成矿系统

二十一站-宝兴沟( 铜) 金矿床( 点) 位于上黑龙江断陷盆地的东南部。区域地质背景及典型矿床研究表明,矿床不仅受NE 向断裂构造控制,还受其同期的岩浆岩控制。对宝兴沟金矿床的流体包裹体测试结果、矿床围岩蚀变和与火山穹窿构造间的关系等研究,表明宝兴沟金矿可能是中硫型浅成低温热液型矿床,二十一站和十五里桥( 铜) 金矿床可能是高硫型浅成低温热液型矿床( 点) 。区域地质特征、遥感解译、航磁异常及Au、Ag、Cu 化探异常分布特征显示了本区可能存在两种环境的斑岩型--浅成低温热液型成矿热液系统。在此基础上,结合铜元素化探异常和火山穹窿等特征,提出了在十五桥金矿床、二十一站铜金矿一带寻找斑岩型铜钼矿化类型,在NW、NNE 向构造带内找寻与浅成低温热液系统有关的矿床。     

山西省五台白云叶蜡石矿地质特征及其对深部找矿的启示

山西五台县北约15 km的白云村一带出露有叶蜡石矿及金矿化点,其形成特点与关系对区域深部找矿具有重要启示意义。该叶蜡石矿体产于经历古元古代绿片岩相变质的新太古代酸性火山岩之中(绢英片岩),切割区域片理并被晚期的辉绿玢岩截切。矿体总体呈透镜状产出,倾向北西,近东-西向延伸大于5 km,最厚处约1 km,未见底。该叶蜡石矿形成于中生代早白垩世。矿石矿物以叶蜡石和石英为主,含少量绢云母、伊利石、硬水铝石和赤铁矿等,反映出蚀变流体酸性及氧化的特征。叶蜡石矿体外围发育黄铁绢英岩化带,强度由近及远逐渐减弱。在靠近叶蜡石矿的黄铁绢英岩中,硫化物颗粒边缘常见赤铁矿化现象,应与叶蜡石化流体叠加有关。以上蚀变特征与叶蜡石化细脉灌入黄铁绢英岩相吻合。叶蜡石矿体上盘的黄铁绢英岩化带宽约0.4 km,其内发育一小型石英脉型金矿(岭底金矿),下盘的黄铁绢英岩化带最宽约1.5 km,局部发育金矿化现象((1~18)×10^-6)。黄铁绢英岩中硫化物以黄铁矿为主,可见少量黄铜矿、斑铜矿和辉铜矿。金矿化黄铁绢英岩以发育大量浸染型黄铁矿为特征,该类黄铁矿无韧性变形,未见其他共生硫化物,SEM-EDS分析结果显示其内发育有明显的不可见金。黄铁绢英岩化可依据矿物变形与否分为两期。早期的蚀变分布局限,见于新太古代糜棱岩化奥长花岗岩与酸性火山岩(绢英片岩)接触带,其中的黄铁矿、绢云母和石英等矿物发育韧性变形特征;晚期的蚀变带内硫化物、绢云母和石英均无韧性变形特征。依据样品的岩相学及全岩Au、As含量特征,可以确认金矿化与晚期黄铁绢英岩化有关,与早期蚀变无关。叶蜡石矿石的H-O同位素组成(δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW=11.2‰~13.9‰;δD_V-SMOW=-34‰~-20‰)显示流体以气相为主,且缺乏大气水的混合。上述特征说明白云叶蜡石矿是深部岩浆侵位固结后出溶的以气相为主的热液与浅部新太古代变质火山岩反应的结果,类似于斑岩成矿系统中普遍发育的高级泥化带(岩帽)的底部蚀变特征。     

热液矿床矿物微形貌与晶体生长环境研究

应用高分辨率扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和场效应扫描电镜(FEG SEM),对取自山西义兴寨金矿等4处热液矿床的黄铁矿、方铅矿、赤铁矿等矿物的表面生长微形貌进行了观察研究,并与实验合成的黄铁矿、方铅矿等矿物的微形貌特征进行对比。发现了自然矿物结晶三维成核成因的黄铁矿微球状晶,在合成和自然矿物的晶面观察到漏斗状晶和胞状结构等生长形貌。合成黄铁矿表面发育平整光滑的生长台阶,反映静态无扰动、接近平衡的晶体生长环境;而大量产于热液矿床的黄铁矿、方铅矿等晶体普遍发育胞状或拉长的胞状结构表面,并总体呈台阶状排列的表面结构,证明自然成矿热液体系的高过饱和度和流动生长环境。研究表明,热液成矿过程中矿物结晶作用有从成核、台阶状晶体生长、到形成“平衡”多面体生长的一个演化过程;形成于复杂条件的矿物晶体表面微观结构,包含丰富的成矿环境信息。     

Progressive metamorphism of the Taitao ophiolite; evidence for axial and off-axis hydrothermal alterations

We estimated metamorphic conditions for the  6 Ma Taitao ophiolite, associated with the Chile triple junction. The metamorphic grade of the ophiolite, estimated from secondary matrix minerals, changes stratigraphically downwards from the zeolite facies, through the prehnite–actinolite facies, greenschist facies and the greenschist–amphibolite transition, to the amphibolite facies. The metamorphic facies series corresponds to the low-pressure type. The metamorphic zone boundaries are subparallel to the internal lithological boundaries of the ophiolite, indicating that the metamorphism was due to axial hydrothermal alteration at a mid-ocean ridge.

Mineral assemblages and the compositions of veins systematically change from quartz-dominated, through epidote-dominated, to prehnite-dominated with increasing depth. Temperatures estimated from the vein assemblages range from  230 °C in the volcanic unit to  380 °C at the bottom of the gabbro unit, systematically  200 °C lower than estimates from the adjoining matrix minerals. The late development of veins and the systematically lower temperatures suggest that the vein-forming alteration was due to off-axis hydrothermal alteration.

Comparison between the Taitao ophiolite with its mid-ocean ridge (MOR) affinity, and other ophiolites and MOR crusts, suggests that the Taitao ophiolite has many hydrothermal alteration features similar to those of MOR crusts. This is consistent with the tectonic history that the Taitao ophiolite was formed at the South Chile ridge system near the South American continent (Anma, R., Armstrong, R., Danhara, T., Orihashi, Y. and Iwano, H., 2006. Zircon sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe U–Pb and fission-track ages for gabbros and sheeted dykes of the Taitao ophiolite, Southern Chile, and their tectonic implications. The Island Arc, 15(1): 130–142).     

建德铜矿床成矿模式的探讨

本文以近代成矿理论方法对建德铜矿床的控矿构造、成矿围岩、成矿物质来源以及成矿模式和成矿时代进行了理论分析，指出建德铜矿床赋存在一向斜构造倾没端，产于中石炭统黄龙组底部灰质白云岩和大理岩化白云岩中，经燕山中一晚期构造—岩浆活动富集成矿，为地层、构造、岩浆岩三位一体的成矿模式；为热液叠加型层控矿床，系燕山中期的产物。     

秦岭银母寺铅锌矿床含矿地层沉积环境探讨

以殷家沟剖面为主,探讨了银母寺铅锌矿床含矿地层的沉积环境,提出含矿地层主要为生物礁相岩石。矿床是在成岩期由含矿热卤水沿断裂多次上升、交代沉淀在礁顶相岩石中形成的。礁相岩石为含矿热卤水交代沉淀提供了有利的物化环境及场所。     

Hydrothermal faunal assemblages and habitat characterisation at the Eiffel Tower edifice (Lucky Strike,Mid‐Atlantic Ridge)

The Eiffel Tower edifice is situated in the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field at a mean depth of 1690 m on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge (MAR). At this 11‐m‐high hydrothermal structure, different faunal assemblages, varying in visibly dominant species (mussels and shrimp), in mussel size and in density of mussel coverage, were sampled biologically and chemically. Temperature and sulphide (∑S) were measured on the different types of mussel‐based assemblages and on a shrimp‐dominated assemblage. Temperature was used as a proxy for calculating total concentrations of CH₄. Based on the physico‐chemical measurements, two microhabitats were identified, corresponding to (i) a more variable habitat featuring the greatest fluctuations in environmental variables and (ii) a second, more stable, habitat. The highest temperature variability and the highest maximum recorded temperatures were found in the assemblages visibly inhabited by alvinocaridid shrimp and dense mussel beds of large Bathymodiolus azoricus, whereas the less variable habitats were inhabited by smaller‐sized mussels with increasing bare surface in between. Larger mussels appeared to consume more ∑S compared with smaller‐sized (<1 cm) individuals and thus had a greater influence on the local chemistry. In addition, the mussel size was shown to be significantly positively correlated to temperature and negatively to the richness of the associated macrofauna. The presence of microbial mats was not linked to specific environmental conditions, but had a negative effect on the presence and abundance of macro‐fauna, notably gastropods. Whereas some taxa or species are found in only one of the two microhabitats, others, such as polychaetes and Mirocaris shrimp, cross the different microhabitats. Temperature was proposed to be a more limiting factor in species distribution than ∑S.