滇西大理至瑞丽铁路沿线地温场特征及其 工程地质意义

在整理、分析云南大理至瑞丽拟建铁路沿线及其邻区现今地温场分布特征的基础上,进一步总结前人的资料,综合研究、探讨了该区地温场与岩浆活动、活动构造、地震活动、区域深部构造的关系。结果表明,该区中高温温泉（中高地温场）的空间分布与地表岩浆岩的出露、地表主要活动断裂带的分布都具有较好的对应关系。综合研究后认为,该区的中高温温泉可归结为岩浆热源型、断裂深循环型和岩浆热源叠加断裂深循环作用型3种基本成因类型。同时还发现,该区的温泉分布与区域地震活动空间上也存在密切的关系,并据此将区内划分为4个地震区带。研究结果表明,本区地表温泉分布所反映出的地温场特征对本区的工程稳定性评价具有重要的指示意义。     

滇西北兰坪盆地北部上三叠统含盐层位的厘定及其意义

通过野外实测剖面和大量室内岩矿工作,首次指出兰坪盆地上三叠统至少存在2套含盐层位,上含盐层位于三合洞组上段(T3s2),盐类物质以石膏、天青石为主,下含盐层位于三合洞组下段(T3s1),以天青石为主。天青石和石膏均呈中厚层层状产出,与顶底板地层产状一致。不同地区含盐层岩石组合及序列不同,横向上不具有可对比性,提出其并非正常蒸发沉积产物的认识。同时,含盐地层又是盆地内铅锌矿重要的赋矿层位,因此上三叠统含盐建造层序的厘定对深化认识区域铅锌矿床成矿机制、指导盐类矿床和铅锌矿找矿具有重要的意义。     

内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区晚古生代 海平面变化与沉积响应

晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。     

Role of Storm in Ramgarh and West Bokaro Coalfields and Its Implication in Adjacent Peninsular Gondwana Coalfields, India

The Permian Gondwana sediments in the Damodar-Koel Valley, Rajmahal and Deoghar basins were deposited on a northwest palaeoslope in broad valleys within uplands (e.g. Aravalli-Vindhyan, Chattisgarh, Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas upland). The main winds during Permian Period were mostly the westerly winds coming from the northwest low pressure belt in the Tethys, which found no barrier between the Vindhyan and Santhal Parganas uplands and then changing its direction, moving towards east. Frequent storm activity also took place from the northwest Tethyan low pressure belt and followed the same path of wind. Possibly there was a barrier in the form of a dense rain forest or elevated land at the place of East Bokaro coalfield and its adjoining southern part, which acted as a deterrent and minimized the effect of storm towards further east of the Damodar Valley. Intense tropical hurricanes for the generation of storm generated bedforms, cannot be ruled out, which probably, in some cases, causes marine inundation/flooding deep into the landmass and also mass (?) uprooting of trees.     

近70a泾河流域径流变化及其驱动因素研究

定量评价流域径流变化特征并开展其归因识别研究是应对气候变化实现水资源合理开发利用的基础.本研究以泾河流域为研究区,采用M-K检验、滑动t检验、小波分析等方法分析流域近70 a的水文气象要素变化特征,并基于Budyko假设评价气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的贡献率.结果表明:(1)泾河流域年径流深以0.41 mm·a-1的...     

Taiwan Yushan Snowfall Activity and Its Association with Atmospheric Circulation from 1979 to 2009

Yushan is the most famous location for snow in Taiwan,while snowfall in the subtropical zone is rare.When it is snowing in Yushan,people are experiencing unusually cold and wet weather elsewhere in Taiwan.In this study,Yushan snowfall activity from 1979 to 2009 and the related atmosphere circulation were examined with the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau’s Yushan weather station observations and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy(NCEP/DOE) reanalysis atmospheric data.To provide a quantitative measure of snowfall events,a snowfall activity index(SAI) was defined in this study.The time series of yearly SAIs shows that Yushan snowfall activity for an active year,such as 1983(SAI =39 153) was ～118 times larger than for an inactive year,such as 1999(SAI=331).Our analyses show that snowfall activity is closely related to the position of the East Asian Trough(EAT) and the strength of the West Pacific High(WPH).In active years,when the EAT shifted eastward and the strength of WPH increased,an anomalous anticyclone occurred in the West Pacific.This anticyclone introduced anomalous southwesterly flows along the southeastern cost of mainland China and over Taiwan,resulting in a wetter-than-normal atmosphere that favored snowfall.Alternatively,in inactive years,a drierthan-normal atmosphere resulted in sluggish snowfall seasons.     

Evaluation of heavy metals and arsenic speciation discharged by the industrial activity on the Tinto-Odiel estuary, SW Spain

This study reports the annual amount of heavy metals discharged by industrial activity into the estuary of the Ría of Huelva (SW Spain). The findings showed that the discharged metals found in highest amounts were Fe (11 t y⁻¹), Zn (3.4 t y⁻¹) and Mo (0.88 t y⁻¹). There were other metals with high pollutant charge, such as Ti (232 kg y⁻¹), As (228 kg y⁻¹), Ni (195 kg y⁻¹), Pb (100 kg y⁻¹), Cr (39 kg y⁻¹) and Cd (33 kg y⁻¹). These results were compared with pollutants transported via the Tinto and Odiel rivers from abandoned mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), and it was deduced that the amounts spilled exclusively by industries were less than 1% in relation to the total discharge. Hence, the treatment of residues from the IPB should be the priority goal to improve water quality in the estuary.     

Ecological significance of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphatase-hydrolyzed phosphorus in the northern part of Gamak Bay, Korea

We investigated the ecological significance of alkaline phsophatase (APase) and alkaline phosphatase-hydrolyzable phosphorus (APHP) in the northern part of Gamak Bay, Korea. APase activity was detectable throughout the year, and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration and APase activity are highly correlated and can be regarded as an indicator of DIP-limiting conditions. Also, a strong linear positive correlation between APase activity and Chl a concentration indicated that the major part of APase activity may have been induced by phytoplanktons. The APHP proportion in dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) was above ca. 30% from winter to spring and below ca. 15% from summer to autumn due to freshwater discharge and uptake by phytoplankton. APHP may play an important role in species competition in coastal area such as northern part of Gamak Bay where DIP is limiting. Thus, APase induction by phytoplanktons may be ecologically significant, allowing dominance by these organisms under DIP-limiting conditions.     

Plant Species Mediate Rhizosphere Microbial Activity and Biodegradation Dynamics in a Riparian Soil Treated with Bensulfuron‐methyl

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate microbial characteristics and the biodegradation process of bensulfuron‐methyl (BSM) in a rhizosphere soils planted with different riparian plants. The results showed that microbial population decreased with BSM addition in the rhizosphere, especially for bacteria and fungi. The activities of the dehydrogenase (DHase) were stimulated firstly, due to BSM addition, but then were inhibited, and recovered to the initial level, while the activities of the phosphatase and urease showed obviously decreasing trend throughout the whole experiment. Rhizosphere soil substrate‐induced respiration (SIR) was depressed by BSM, especially at the initial 14 days of incubation. Compared to Zizania aquatica and Phragmites australis, Acorus calamus showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher DHase activity and larger SIR in the rhizosphere soils treated with BSM, which means that A. calamus can effectively alleviate inhibitory effect of the sulfonylurea herbicide addition on microbial activity. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in microbial degradation dynamics of BSM in the rhizosphere soils among three kinds of riparian plants. A. calamus displayed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher degradation efficiency of BSM in the rhizosphere soils, followed by Z. aquatica and P. australis. The residual BSM concentration in A. calamus rhizosphere soil was 23.1 and 32.2% lower than that in Z. aquatica and P. australis rhizosphere soils, respectively, indicating a greater improvement effect on biodegradation of BSM in A. calamus rhizosphere soils.     

Spatial sensitivity of seismic hazard results to different background seismic activity and temporal earthquake occurrence models

Spatial sensitivity of seismic hazard results to different models with respect to background seismic activity and earthquake occurrence in time is investigated. For the contribution of background seismic activity to seismic hazard, background area source with uniform seismicity and spatially smoothed seismicity models are taken into consideration. For the contribution of faults, through characteristic earthquakes, both the memoryless Poisson and the time dependent renewal models are utilized. A case study, involving the assessment of seismic hazard for the Bursa province in Turkey, is conducted in order to examine quantitatively the influence of these models on seismic hazard results. The spatial variation of the difference in Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values obtained from these different models is presented in the form of difference maps for return periods of 475 and 2475 years. Best estimate seismic hazard maps for PGA and Spectral Accelerations (SA) at 0.2 and 1.0 s are obtained by using the logic tree method.