论斑岩铜矿的成因

较系统地论述了国内外学者对斑岩铜矿成因的不同学术观点 ,包括“岩浆热液说”(岩浆结晶分异说 )、“板块构造成矿说”(含Cu洋壳重熔说 )、“活动转移说”及“变岩浆成矿说” ;分别对它们的立论依据及不足之处进行了较详细的分析 ,并根据作者对斑岩铜矿的时空分布、物质组分、结构构造及矿物中各种包裹体等特征的深入研究 ,提出斑岩铜矿主要是由深源 (地幔或下地壳 )富碱 (K、Na)、硅的热流体 (或与地壳岩石中的裂隙水、地下水混合 )交代或局部熔融上部地壳含Cu岩石而成     

热水沉积岩及矿物岩石标志

热水沉积物不同于普通沉积物 ,主要与热水流体类型有关。文中把热水流体划分为中高温热水流体与中低温热水流体。中高温热水沉积岩包括钾长石岩、硅质岩、电气石岩、钠长石岩、萤石岩 ;中低温热水沉积岩包括碳酸盐、硫酸盐等岩石。钾长石岩是文中确定的一种标准高温热水沉积岩 ,热水沉积钾长石以冰长石和钡长石为主 ;热水沉积碳酸盐矿物一般为铁、镁、锰、钙碳酸盐 ,碳酸盐的形成与CO2 和H2 O的不混溶温度有关 ,一般在不混溶温度 ,即 2 66℃以下生成 ,或在海水补偿线以上形成。热水沉积岩中有热水交代蚀变岩夹层 ,尤其是在高温热水活动区 ,可以交代泥质、钙泥质沉积物形成热水交代沉积岩 ,包括方柱石黑云母岩、透辉石透闪石岩、夕卡岩、绿泥石岩等。根据对霍各乞铜多金属矿床的研究 ,热水交代透辉石透闪石岩的稀土总量较低 ,表现为轻稀土富集 ,重稀土亏损 ,稀土配分模式表现为正Eu异常     

柴达木第三纪转换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学

运用沉积体系组合，构造地层分析和岩浆热流体标志综合分析的方法，探讨了柴达木第三纪转换换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学过程，笔者认为：柴达木第三纪盆地是以扩展裂陷为主的单型盆地，可划分为扇三角洲沉积体系，水下洪积扇－近岸浊流沉积体系，辫状河三角洲沉积体系，常态湖三角洲体系和湖泊沉积体系在湖盆演化的不同阶段，形成冲积扇－扇三角洲－滨浅湖－砾质辫状河沉积，近岸水下重力流－中深湖－扇三角洲，扇三角洲－中浅湖－河流三种湖盆充填形式。依据古构造运动界面和相应整合界面，将第三纪盆地划分为三个构造层序。分别对应于台裂陷，伸展扩张裂陷和转换坳陷三个发展过程。柴达木第三纪转换争盆地形成演化主要受控于地幔热柱的形成和衰减作用，同时喜马拉雅运动等运程应力作用对盆地的演化至关重要。     

粤北大沟谷热水沉积钠长石岩岩石化学及稀土元素

大沟谷含金钠长石岩带上为层状下为脉状产于震旦系乐昌峡群片岩中,主要由钠长石岩及碳酸盐岩组成。钠长石岩多为块状及条带状构造。钠长石岩和片岩化学成分不同,钠长石岩相对富集Al₂ O₃ 、TiO₂ 、MnO、Na₂O、P₂O₅,而贫Fe₂O₃ 、FeO、MgO、CaO、K₂ O。在主要氧化物组成的直角坐标图上,钠长石岩和片岩位于不同的区域及具不同的变化趋势。钠长石岩稀土元素含量较低,在 12.5 6× 10 -6～ 5 5.6 6× 10 -6之间,具较低的La/Yb(1.82～ 6.42 )、La/Sm(0.96～ 2.99)、Gd/Yb(0.99～ 2.71)比值,较大的δEu异常范围 (0.41～ 0.8),弱的δCe异常。钠长石岩地质产状特征及稀土元素特征表明其主要是热水沉积形成的。     

云南墨江金矿床硅质岩的地质地球化学特征及其意义

墨江金矿床厂组中下段硅质岩具有典型的沉积构造，岩石富集∑Fe和As 、Sb、Bi、Ga等微量元素（相对于地壳克拉克值），而相对贫AI2O3；稀土元素以总量（∑REE）低，负铈异常为特征，与热水沉积的硅质岩特征相似。在判别硅质岩形成与作用的一系列主量和微量元素图解上，本区的硅质岩位于热水沉积作用范围，但四十八两山段硅质岩有趋近于正常化学沉积作用。利用硅质岩的氧同位素计算出它的形成温度为128－146℃。地质、地球化学特征表明本区硅质岩的形成与热水沉积作用有关，但四十八两山段硅质岩受到正常化学沉积作用的影响。、     

我国再次发现硒铅矿

本文报道了我国再次在华南6217花岗岩型铀矿床中发现硒铅矿，测定了该矿物的化学成分，结合该铀矿床的矿物组合和成矿物理化学条件，讨论了硒铅矿的生成环境。     

下庄铀成矿古水热系统排泄区（减压区）铀成矿作用研究

形成于古水热系统排泄区（减压区）的下庄花岗岩型铀矿床是地下热水与岩石相互作用的产物。矿物流体包裹体水文地球化学分析表明，成矿期铀成矿古热水溶液气体成分主要为CO2，水化学类型为HCO3－Ca.Na型，F－Ca型和HCO3.F－K型。地球化学模式和热力学计算证明，热水溶液中铀的存在形式为UO2（CO3）2^2-,UO2F3^-和UO2F4^2-。热水溶液深循环过程中CO2的加入可使溶液铀沉淀临界电位值（EhC,U)明显降低，从而保持水－铀比电位值（ΔEhW,U)为正值（ΔEhW,U=EhW-EhC,U)使铀在深部相对还原的条件下仍能稳定迁移。当富铀成矿热液进入减压排泄区时，由于溶液物理－化学条件的改变，发生CO2脱气作用和中和还原作用，导致ΔEhW,U小于零，使铀沉淀、富集，最终形成花岗岩型铀矿床。     

红辉沸石合成P型沸石试验研究

以广西资源红辉沸石为原料进行合成P型沸石的最佳工艺流程及相关技术参数研究，提出了工艺流程为红辉沸石（酸处理）→水热反应→晶化→洗涤、过滤→烘干→P型沸石产品，最佳工艺技术参数为硅铝摩尔比[n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)]3-4，碱度4－5mol/L NaOH，晶化温度95－100℃，晶化时间6－8h。     

Magmatic gas scrubbing: implications for volcano monitoring

Despite the abundance of SO_2(g) in magmatic gases, precursory increases in magmatic SO_2(g) are not always observed prior to volcanic eruption, probably because many terrestrial volcanoes contain abundant groundwater or surface water that scrubs magmatic gases until a dry pathway to the atmosphere is established. To better understand scrubbing and its implications for volcano monitoring, we model thermochemically the reaction of magmatic gases with water. First, we inject a 915°C magmatic gas from Merapi volcano into 25°C air-saturated water (ASW) over a wide range of gas/water mass ratios from 0.0002 to 100 and at a total pressure of 0.1 MPa. Then we model closed-system cooling of the magmatic gas, magmatic gas-ASW mixing at 5.0 MPa, runs with varied temperature and composition of the ASW, a case with a wide range of magmatic–gas compositions, and a reaction of a magmatic gas–ASW mixture with rock. The modeling predicts gas and water compositions, and, in one case, alteration assemblages for a wide range of scrubbing conditions; these results can be compared directly with samples from degassing volcanoes. The modeling suggests that CO_2(g) is the main species to monitor when scrubbing exists; another candidate is H₂S_(g), but it can be affected by reactions with aqueous ferrous iron. In contrast, scrubbing by water will prevent significant SO_2(g) and most HCl_(g) emissions until dry pathways are established, except for moderate HCl_(g) degassing from pH<0.5 hydrothermal waters. Furthermore, it appears that scrubbing will prevent much, if any, SO_2(g) degassing from long-resident boiling hydrothermal systems. Several processes can also decrease or increase H_2(g) emissions during scrubbing making H_2(g) a poor choice to detect changes in magma degassing.We applied the model results to interpret field observations and emission rate data from four eruptions: (1) Crater Peak on Mount Spurr (1992) where, except for a short post-eruptive period, scrubbing appears to have drastically diminished pre-, inter-, and post-eruptive SO_2(g) emissions, but had much less impact on CO_2(g) emissions. (2) Mount St. Helens where scrubbing of SO_2(g) was important prior to and three weeks after the 18 May 1980 eruption. Scrubbing was also active during a period of unrest in the summer of 1998. (3) Mount Pinatubo where early drying out prevented SO_2(g) scrubbing before the climactic 15 June 1991 eruption. (4) The ongoing eruption at Popocatépetl in an arid region of Mexico where there is little evidence of scrubbing.In most eruptive cycles, the impact of scrubbing will be greater during pre- and post-eruptive periods than during the main eruptive and intense passive degassing stages. Therefore, we recommend monitoring the following gases: CO_2(g) and H₂S_(g) in precursory stages; CO_2(g), H₂S_(g), SO_2(g), HCl_(g), and HF_(g) in eruptive and intense passive degassing stages; and CO_2(g) and H₂S_(g) again in the declining stages. CO_2(g) is clearly the main candidate for early emission rate monitoring, although significant early increases in the intensity and geographic distribution of H₂S_(g) emissions should be taken as an important sign of volcanic unrest and a potential precursor. Owing to the difficulty of extracting SO_2(g) from hydrothermal waters, the emergence of >100 t/d (tons per day) of SO_2(g) in addition to CO_2(g) and H₂S_(g) should be taken as a criterion of magma intrusion. Finally, the modeling suggests that the interpretation of gas-ratio data requires a case-by-case evaluation since ratio changes can often be produced by several mechanisms; nevertheless, several gas ratios may provide useful indices for monitoring the drying out of gas pathways.     

Zinc-rich Pyrite from the TAG Active Mound, the TAG Hydrotherma Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Abstract: Pyrite rich in Zn, up to 3.1 wt%, was found in the TAG active mound of the TAG hydrothermal field, the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°08'N and 44°49'W. The Zn-rich pyrite is characterized by an optical homogeneity, a homogeneous distribution of Zn in the back-scattered electron images, both at a magnification of about 500, a negative correlation between Fe and Zn contents of the pyrite and a rather small unit cell edge (a₀ = 5.4117 ± 0.0008Å), strongly indicating that the detected Zn is present in the pyrite in solid solution. Such Zn concentrations are observed exclusively in dendritic pyrite, suggesting that the Znrich pyrite grew from hydrothermal fluids of a high degree of supersaturation due to quenching on the seafloor.