黔西南水银洞爆破角砾岩筒与金元素超常富集

水银洞金矿床曾被认为是滇黔桂地区最有代表性的微细浸染型金矿(卡林型金矿),然而矿床的金品位明显高于一般意义上的卡林型金矿床,且金矿体与气液爆破角砾岩关系密切.气液爆破角砾岩呈垂直筒状产状,两侧断裂矿化带呈向上扩张的"喇叭口"状成矿空间,富金矿体紧密围绕角砾岩筒分布.根据野外和显微镜观察,角砾岩块成分复杂与显著磨圆.气液角砾岩筒的角砾岩显著富集金、稀土、亲地幔过渡元素Ti、Cr、Ni、Co、V等,以及Zr、Hf等,明显地区别于围岩,反映出深源流体快速上升的气液爆破角砾岩的特征,角砾岩筒实际上具备含金成矿流体的上涌通道的功能.岩筒中早期角砾岩的角砾含Au达18×10–6,属于深部金矿体的爆破碎块,显示出水银洞金矿床可观的深部找矿勘探前景.     

Geology and mineralization of the Sanshandao supergiant gold deposit (1200 t) in the Jiaodong Peninsula,China: A review

The Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province, China is the world’s third-largest gold metallogenic area, with cumulative proven gold resources exceeding 5000 t. Over the past few years, breakthroughs have been made in deep prospecting at a depth of 500–2000 m, particularly in the Sanshandao area where a huge deep gold orebody was identified. Based on previous studies and the latest prospecting progress achieved by the project team of this study, the following results are summarized. (1) 3D geological modeling results based on deep drilling core data reveal that the Sanshandao gold orefield, which was previously considered to consist of several independent deposits, is a supergiant deposit with gold resources of more than 1200 t (including 470 t under the sea area). The length of the major orebody is nearly 8 km, with a greatest depth of 2312 m below sea level and a maximum length of more than 3 km along their dip direction. (2) Thick gold orebodies in the Sanshandao gold deposit mainly occur in the specific sections of the ore-controlling fault where the fault plane changes from steeply to gently inclined, forming a stepped metallogenic model from shallow to deep level. The reason for this strong structural control on mineralization forms is that when ore-forming fluids migrated along faults, the pressure of fluids greatly fluctuated in fault sections where the fault dip angle changed. Since the solubility of gold in the ore-forming fluid is sensitive to fluid pressure, these sections along the fault plane serve as the target areas for deep prospecting. (3) Thermal uplifting-extensional structures provide thermodynamic conditions, migration pathways, and deposition spaces for gold mineralization. Meanwhile, the changes in mantle properties induced the transformation of the geochemical properties of the lower crust and magmatic rocks. This further led to the reactivation of ore-forming elements, which provided rich materials for gold mineralization. (4) It can be concluded from previous research results that the gold mineralization in the Jiaodong gold deposits occurred at about 120 Ma, which was superimposed by nonferrous metals mineralization at 118–111 Ma. The fluids were dominated by primary mantle water or magmatic water. Metamorphic water occurred in the early stage of the gold mineralization, while the fluid composition was dominated by meteoric water in the late stage. The S, Pb, and Sr isotopic compositions of the ores are similar to those of ore-hosting rocks, indicating that the ore-forming materials mainly derive from crustal materials, with the minor addition of mantle-derived materials. The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula were formed in an extensional tectonic environment during the transformation of the physical and chemical properties of the lithospheric mantle, which is different from typical orogenic gold deposits. Thus, it is proposed that they are named “Jiaodong-type” gold deposits.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

四川盐源模范村喜马拉雅期斑岩铜矿床地质特征

文章通过野外地质观察,结合岩矿鉴定、化学分析、稳定同位素测定、稀土元素分析、成岩成矿同位素年龄测定、包裹体测温及成分等的研究,表明四川盐源模范村矿床具有典型斑岩铜矿的特征。成岩的多期次构成复式岩体,断裂构造控制的隐爆碎裂岩筒为成矿提供了通道和沉积场所。多期次成矿,特别是次生富集作用形成了中型规模的Ⅰ号矿体,影响次生富集带发育的F7断裂带起了重要作用。模范村矿床确系典型的斑岩铜矿,但又具独自的成矿特征。     

甘肃北山地区南金山金矿床隐爆角砾岩体的发现及成矿规律研究

地质研究发现,南金山金矿区出露的下石炭统白山组上岩组的部分岩石为隐爆角砾岩,其中厚层-块状变花岗质砂砾岩为隐爆岩浆角砾岩,厚层-块状变凝灰质砂砾岩为隐爆凝灰角砾岩。隐爆角砾岩体呈近EW向带状分布,隐爆岩浆角砾岩分布于岩体中部,构成岩体的内带,隐爆凝灰角砾岩对称分布于岩体南北两侧,构成岩体的外带。经矿床地质研究,提出了新的认识,认为该矿床的形成受隐爆角砾岩体及隐爆断裂构造的控制,金矿体分布于隐爆角砾岩体外带的隐爆凝灰角砾岩及隐爆断裂中;提出了隐爆角砾岩体外带成矿、对称成矿和双层成矿等3条矿体分布规律。采用EH-4连续电导率成像仪进行了深部地球物理测量,测量结果验证了隐爆角砾岩体控矿及其成矿规律。     

四川拉拉IOCG矿床气成-热液成矿期磁铁矿地球化学特征及其成矿意义

四川省拉拉铁氧化物-铜-金(IOCG)矿床位于扬子地块西南缘,磁铁矿是矿床中重要的矿石矿物及Fe质的主要载体之一.结合矿相学及电子探针研究方法,探讨矿床中气成-热液成矿期磁铁矿的成因特征及Fe质来源.矿相学研究表明,气成-热液成矿期磁铁矿呈自形晶,与黄铜矿共伴生产出.电子探针分析表明,气成-热液成矿期粗粒自形晶磁铁矿主...     

西藏申扎县甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床稳定同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因探讨

冈底斯成矿带是西藏重要的多金属成矿区之一,在该成矿带北部申扎县首次发现的甲岗雪山钨、钼、铋多金属矿床是不同于其南部斑岩型铜多金属矿床的成矿新类型,该矿床的发现是藏北地区内生金属矿找矿的重要突破.文章对该矿床矿石稳定同位素地球化学特征进行研究表明:成矿流体主要来源于岩浆岩,围岩(地层)可能只提供了少量成矿物质;该矿床硫的来源单一,属于岩浆硫范畴,矿石与围岩中的硫具有相同的来源;铅的来源以地壳铅为主,并混有少量地幔铅.根据上述研究,结合矿床地质特征及同国内外同类型矿床的对比,认为甲岗雪山多金属矿床是在大陆碰撞后陆内伸展构造背景下,形成于喜马拉雅中期中酸性岩浆活动阶段,矿质主要源自岩浆的石英大脉型钨、钼、铋多金属矿床.     

峨眉山玄武岩浆喷发对贵州西部区域成矿贡献研究

早、晚二叠世之间大规模峨眉山玄武岩喷发是峨眉地幔热柱基性岩浆活动的高峰期.峨眉山玄武岩在贵州西部地区广泛分布,它不仅以矿源层形式参与钼、铜、铅、锌、金、锑、汞、铊等以地下水热液成矿作用为主的层控矿床的形成,而且它自身形成火山气液型矿床--玄武岩铜矿及伴生热液型铂、钯等矿化点;再者它是外生矿床--高砷煤、高氟煤、高硫煤、高汞煤形成的主要原因.     

鄂东铁矿成矿地质特征与找矿预测

鄂东铁矿地处长江中下游铁铜多金属成矿带西部,三叠系下统大冶群及中上统蒲圻群是鄂东铁铜矿主要成矿地层,岩浆夕卡岩型铁铜矿成矿与其关系密切.侵入接触带构造,捕虏体接触带构造,断裂叠加接触带构造,断裂构造是矿床的容矿构造.以中酸性岩为主的燕山期岩浆岩提供了主要的成矿物质来源.文章在系统研究以往地质物探资料的基础上,阐述了鄂东地区铁矿成矿地质特征,总结了该区铁矿的成矿规律,并进行了成矿预测,提出了下一步鄂东地区铁矿找矿方向.     

河北阜平地区太古宙变质深成岩与金矿的关系初探

区内变质深成岩由阜平岩群变质表壳岩经深部重熔作用形成,典型特征是低钾富钠,具有TTG岩石特点.经对变质深成岩成矿元素的研究表明:①Au元素丰度值很高(平均2.10×10-6),远远高于世界中性-中酸性侵入岩及地壳中Au元素的丰度值;②Au元素浓集克拉克值(488.37)远远大于1,呈非常强的富集状态;③Au元素在变质深成岩中的变异系数(0.65)几乎是区内变质表壳岩中Au元素的2倍,有利于Au元素的聚集成矿.故变质深成岩应是成矿物质的主要提供者.     

新疆彩霞山铅锌矿床硫、碳、氢、氧同位素地球化学

文章通过对彩霞山铅锌矿床硫、碳、氢、氧同位素的研究,探讨了矿床成矿流体来源及演化,揭示了成矿作用过程中的某些重要信息.初步认为矿石中的硫主要来自同化了海水硫酸盐的岩浆硫,同时有少量生物还原硫参与;碳、氧同位素组成指示碳来源于壳幔混合.成矿流体以建造水为主,早期有岩浆水参与.