注聚调驱井聚合物堵塞物的矿物复合结构形貌及组成特征

胜利油田渤19区块注交联聚合物开采多年后,因注入水的水质不达标导致聚合物过度交联形成强凝胶,造成聚合物注入区块许多油水井的堵塞。对现场聚合物垢样品所做的化学组分、表面元素能谱及红外光谱的研究表明,垢的主体结构由交联的聚丙烯酰胺组成,交联体吸收了大量水分,在交联体内小环境中因富集而形成氯化物矿物晶体无机垢结构,而在成垢的过程中又将地层内的一些粘土矿物包裹于交联体内,形成具有聚合物-矿物复合结构的强胶凝态物质,严重影响聚合物注入—调剖—驱油过程中的聚合物溶液的流动。     

聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平氚环境水样的氚比活度

随着氚同位素电解浓集技术和测量仪器的发展,对低水平的氚比活度可以进行准确测量,但由于现行的氚处理方法的差异,导致氚比活度测定的不确定性增加。本文采用现行的两种氚比活度测量方法碱式电解浓集法和聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平环境水样的氚比活度,并将结果进行比对。针对聚合膜电解法,通过使用优化结构的装置提高可靠性;对于使用国家标准方法计算出现较大误差的情况下,在氚水回收率的计算数据处理方面提出了死体积的概念,改善了聚合膜电解法测量低水平氚样品的稳定性,使氚比活度的计算结果更加精确。     

Climate change effects on hydrological system conditions influencing generation of storm runoff in small Alpine catchments

Floods and debris flows in small Alpine torrent catchments (<10 km²) arise from a combination of critical antecedent system state conditions and mostly convective precipitation events with high precipitation intensities. Thus, climate change may influence the magnitude–frequency relationship of extreme events twofold: by a modification of the occurrence probabilities of critical hydrological system conditions and by a change of event precipitation characteristics. Three small Alpine catchments in different altitudes in Western Austria (Ruggbach, Brixenbach and Längentalbach catchment) were investigated by both field experiments and process‐based simulation. Rainfall–runoff model (HQsim) runs driven by localized climate scenarios (CNRM‐RM4.5/ARPEGE, MPI‐REMO/ECHAM5 and ICTP‐RegCM3/ECHAM5) were used in order to estimate future frequencies of stormflow triggering system state conditions. According to the differing altitudes of the study catchments, two effects of climate change on the hydrological systems can be observed. On one hand, the seasonal system state conditions of medium altitude catchments are most strongly affected by air temperature‐controlled processes such as the development of the winter snow cover as well as evapotranspiration. On the other hand, the unglaciated high‐altitude catchment is less sensitive to climate change‐induced shifts regarding days with critical antecedent soil moisture and desiccated litter layer due to its elevation‐related small proportion of sensitive areas. For the period 2071–2100, the number of days with critical antecedent soil moisture content will be significantly reduced to about 60% or even less in summer in all catchments. In contrast, the number of days with dried‐out litter layers causing hydrophobic effects will increase by up to 8%–11% of the days in the two lower altitude catchments. The intensity analyses of heavy precipitation events indicate a clear increase in rain intensities of up to 10%.     

钾铵基聚磺钻井液体系在大牛地气田水平井钻井中的应用

大牛地气田水平井钻井中,由于A点前井眼尺寸较大,二叠系石千峰至下石盒子组泥岩普遍存在易水化膨胀、剥落、掉块、垮塌现象,处理复杂情况导致钻井周期长。经过2口水平井的钻井实践,摸索出了适合A点前的钾铵基聚磺钻井液体系,减少了井下复杂情况,提高了钻井效率,缩短了A点前的钻井周期,从而提高了该工区钻进水平井的综合效益。     

Concentration and distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants and metals in the estuaries of Ukraine

In this study of Ukrainian estuaries, sediments and tissues from the Dnieper and Boh estuaries and Danube Delta on the mainland, Sevastopol and Balaklava Bays on the Crimean Peninsula, and coastal Black Sea along the Crimean Peninsula were collected in 2006. Contaminant analyses included several metals, the hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) polychlorinated biphenyls, several chlorinated pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When compared to estuarine sediments globally, the Ukrainian sediments were found to be moderately contaminated. However, several metals, especially mercury, were often shown to be elevated in the tissues of the Ukrainian organisms in comparison to organisms from other estuarine locations. Sediment quality guidelines indicate some of the estuarine sediments could be sufficiently contaminated to cause adverse toxicological effects. This investigation represents the first extensive study of HOC and metal baseline concentrations and distributions in Ukrainian estuaries and seeks to characterize exposures to aquatic organisms living in these systems.     

新疆昌吉庙煤1井钻探施工技术

新疆昌吉市庙尔沟一带煤层气资源调查评价项目地质调查井工程,设计井深2500 m,要求全井取心。存在地层取心困难、漏失、缩径、冬季施工困难等问题。通过采取特种取心工具、加大钻头外径加大环状间隙、冬季施工使用油汀加热等工艺技术措施以及针对性的施工组织管理措施,有效地解决了钻井技术难题和后勤供应问题。为该区域煤层气资源调查评价提供了有力的实物资料。     

油层回注含聚合物污水的适应性

通过分析油田聚合物驱产出水处理后聚合物的分子特性以及各组分变化,认为含聚合物污水对油层的主要影响因素是污水中聚合物的含量。由岩心驱替实验结果证明,聚合物浓度不同的污水对具不同渗透率油层的适应性是不同的。建议对不同类型油层的注入水选择适合的聚合物浓度。这一研究成果对聚合物驱后的污水利用以及研究注入油层的水质标准具有可参考的意义。     

聚驱后油藏剩余油分布数值模拟

通常聚合物驱的最终采收率在50%左右,聚合物驱后剩余油具有相当的开采潜力。以大庆长垣北部多段多韵律聚驱主力油藏为例,采用化学驱油藏数值模拟技术,系统研究并总结了典型油藏聚驱后平面及纵向剩余油的分布特征。结果表明,聚驱后油藏剩余油的分布系统可划分为2大成因、3大区域和7个部位。其中:存在受地质因素制约的剩余油,如废弃河道中部、砂体尖灭区、相对孤立的薄差砂体;也有开发因素控制的剩余油,如厚油层顶部剩余油、注采不完善部位、注入井间与生产井附近以及聚驱后高渗层内的残余油。聚合物驱后油藏剩余油主要富集于3大区域内,究其原因则主要源于水驱和后续聚驱波及程度的不同。     

聚合物驱油层电阻率测井响应变化特征研究(英文)

油层注入聚合物溶液后,电阻率测井响应发生与水驱不同的变化特征,严重影响水淹层测井评价的效果。本文首先分析了聚合物溶液的导电性质,其次按照聚合物驱油层不同施工流程开展岩电实验研究,分析不同驱替阶段的岩石电阻率的变化特征。并对比分析聚合物驱与水驱油层电阻率测井响应的差异。结果表明,不同聚合物驱替饱含油岩心过程,岩心电阻率随饱和度变化呈现"w"型或"S"型和单调下降的形态;清水聚合物驱油层电阻率测井响应呈现弱、未水淹的特征;污水聚合物驱油层电阻率测井响应呈现与污水水驱相似的变化特征。     

注聚区油井砾石分级充填防砂工艺技术研究

注聚区油井砾石分级充填防砂工艺技术是针对胜利油田注聚区见聚油井产出液黏度增大、携砂能力增强,提液引效措施加剧油井出砂使油井防砂有效期变短等问题进行研究的。该技术是在注聚区油井充填防砂时改变过去采用单一粒径砾石进行充填防砂的做法,将不同粒径砾石按不同比例分级充填到近井、炮眼附近和筛套环空,同时在中粒度粒径的砾石中加入经过表面处理的短切纤维,提高了砾石充填挡砂屏障的挡砂强度,实现了挡砂屏障的“挡砂、稳砂、排砂”的功能。截止到2010年4月底,该技术现场累计推广应用32井次,分级充填后注聚区油井液量由27．2m3提高到40．43m3,油量由1．01m3提高到3．89m3,增幅分别达40％和80％,最长防砂有效期已达到400d。该技术的研发和应用,较好地解决了注聚区油井提液引效使防砂有效果变短和油井近井堵塞的问题,具有良好的应用前景。