大庆萨南油田南二区西部聚驱初期特征

通过对萨南油田南二区西部聚驱初期见效特征进行分析研究，讨论了南二区西部聚驱区块的主要见效特点，并从油层沉积构造、调整措施等方面入手，对影响聚驱开发效果的因素以及改善聚驱开发效果的方法进行了探讨、论证，从而寻找适合油层发育相对较差、断层构造发育的油田提高聚驱开发效果的有效手段，这对指导萨南油田的大规模聚驱工业化生产具有重要指导作用。     

Post‐fire thin debris flows: sediment transport and numerical modelling

The creation of a hydrophobic layer in the soil during ?res in semi‐arid environments inhibits the in?ltration of rainfall. This leads to increased rates of runoff and associated sediment transport. When the hydrophobic layer is deposited beneath the soil surface, a perched water table develops which may cause thin (1–2 cm) hillslope failures that are distinguishable from features caused by rilling and sheet?ow. Evidence for these failures was observed after a ?re near Santa Barbara, California. The amount of sediment eroded from some hillslopes was substantial, with 290 kg of sediment per metre width of hillslope delivered to the valley ?oor. The mechanics of these failures are examined with a numerical model that incorporates a stability analysis with subsurface ?ow routing along a typical hillslope pro?le. The model correctly predicts the location of the failures as well as the rainfall amount necessary to trigger them. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚合物驱油效果储层影响因素分析

在聚合物驱油室内试验的基础上，结合矿场试验效果，分析了蒙古林砂岩油藏注聚合物见效井的地质特征和影响聚合物驱油效果的储层因素，对油田今后编制聚合物驱油方案和开发调整方案、提高聚合物的驱油效率有着重要指导意义。     

地表稠油污染物地球化学研究现状

关于石油轻组分对环境的污染问题相对研究较多，而针对稠油污染物的研究则较薄弱。本文着重介绍了目前地表稠油污染物的研究进展，涉及稠油污染的潜在严重性和危害性，其赋存形态、迁移方式和演化机制，以及目前常用的修复方法。进一步开展稠油污染物在地表土壤以及水体中的地球化学特征及演化机制方面的研究工作，将有助于为稠油开采和炼制地区的环境保护和修复治理提供更多的科学依据。     

无固相KCl聚合物钻井液体系在伊拉克鲁迈拉油田的应用

伊拉克鲁迈拉油田三开地层存在大段的泥页岩,易发生剥落坍塌,储层砂岩段长,渗透性好,易发生渗漏和形成小井眼。钻井液体系从一开始单纯追求井下的稳定性,到兼顾井壁稳定、储层保护、S型和J型井的摩阻降低,最终形成了无固相KCl聚合物钻井液体系。主要从室内实验和现场应用方面详细阐述了体系的形成和现场应用效果。     

贵州省旦坪铝土矿钻探施工工艺

贵州正安旦坪铝土矿项目地层岩石破碎,岩溶发育,钻探施工中遇掉块卡钻、套管难以起拔以及溶洞发育等难题。通过优化钻孔结构、合理选择钻进参数,采用跟管钻进配合绳索取心工艺,有效解决了溶洞堆积层的护壁难题,大大提高了溶塌堆积层成孔率。采用聚合物凝胶护壁堵漏减少了破碎地层掉块卡钻事故的发生。反丝套管的使用,减轻了坍塌地层丢套管的风险,提高了钻进效率,节约了钻探成本。采用长套管穿越溶洞,降低了报废工作量,提高了工作进度。物探瞬变电磁法的应用查明了岩溶的空间分布情况,降低了钻遇大溶洞的风险。通过一系列技术措施的实施,如期完成了目标任务。本文对该矿区的施工经验进行了总结,以期为同类钻探施工起到借鉴作用。     

渤海油田深部调驱体系研制及调驱参数优化

为了改善海上油田深部调驱效果,研制一种易于配制、施工简便的由聚合物FP、交联剂和助剂组成的冻胶体系.基于合适的成冻时间和成冻强度,优选适合该油藏条件的冻胶调驱体系配方,即聚合物FP(1 500～2 000mg.L-1)+交联剂(750～1 250mg.L-1)+助剂(1 000～1 500mg.L-1).利用三层非均质岩心进行调驱体系用量和调驱时机对调驱效果影响的评价,优化调驱体系的注入用量和注入时机参数.结果表明:当水驱至目标油藏含水率70%时,随着注入调驱体系用量的增加,采收率增加值越高;基于采出程度和经济效益双重考虑,优选调驱体系的用量为0.2PV;当注入用量为0.2PV调驱体系,油藏综合含水率低于50%条件下,早期注入调驱体系进行深部调驱,采收率增加值高,能够达到很好的调驱效果.     

疏水性交联聚合物微球与AP-P4的复合性能

考虑海上稠油油藏严重非均质性和海上平台寿命短、大井距开采的情况,也为解决疏水缔合聚合物在长时间高温、高盐度和高剪切条件下分子间疏水缔合比例降低问题,选择疏水性交联聚合物微球与疏水缔合聚合物进行复合.通过黏浓性质、抗剪切性能、填砂管封堵实验和人造岩心驱油实验,发现复合体系中微球能够与聚合物发生疏水缔合作用,改善聚合物在高温下的流变性能和抗剪切性能;且复合体系兼具交联聚合物微球的深部调剖和聚合物的增黏驱油性能,封堵性能和驱油效果均优于单纯聚合物驱.由于微球和AP-P4之间的疏水缔合作用使两者具有较好的复合效果,为改善聚合物驱提供新方法,为研究微观机理和指导聚合物驱奠定基础.     

Influence of small-molecule material on performance of polymer solar cells based on MEH-PPV:PCBM blend

In this work, the influence of a small-molecule material, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃), on bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) is investigated in devices based on the blend of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). By doping Alq₃ into MEH-PPV:PCBM solution, the number of MEH-PPV excitons can be effectively increased due to the energy transfer from Alq₃ to MEH-PPV, which probably induces the increase of photocurrent generated by excitons dissociation. However, the low carrier mobility of Alq₃ is detrimental to the efficient charge transport, thereby blocking the charge collection by the respective electrodes. The balance between photon absorption and charge transport in the active layer plays a key role in the performance of PSCs. For the case of 5 wt.% Alq₃ doping, the device performance is deteriorated rather than improved as compared with that of the undoped device. On the other hand, we adopt Alq₃ as a buffer layer instead of commonly used LiF. All the photovoltaic parameters are improved, yielding an 80% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) at the optimum thickness (1 nm) as compared with that of the device without any buffer layer. Even for the 5 wt.% Alq₃ doped device, the PCE has a slight enhancement compared with that of the standard device after modification with 1 nm (or 2 nm) thermally evaporated Alq₃. The performance deterioration of Alq₃-doped devices can be explained by the low solubility of Alq₃, which probably deteriorates the bicontinuous D-A network morphology; while the performance improvement of the devices with Alq_3 as a buffer layer is attributed to the increased light harvesting, as well as blocking the hole leakage from MEH-PPV to the aluminum (Al) electrode due to the lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of Alq₃ compared with that of MEH-PPV.     

海上油田注聚合物时机研究及现场应用

海上油田开发受到平台寿命的限制,为了在有限的平台寿命期内尽可能多的采出原油,对合理注聚合物时机的研究非常必要。利用平面物理模型实验以及数值模拟方法对不同注聚合物时机的聚合物驱油效果进行了研究。物理模型实验研究结果显示,对于生产时间足够长的油田,不同时机注聚合物,其最终采收率以及聚合物驱与水驱相比采收率增幅的差别不大,而对于生产时间有限的油田,应适当提早注聚合物。数值模拟研究结果显示,海上油田早期注聚合物能够获得更高的采收率增幅、吨聚合物增油及收益。基于实验及数值模拟研究结论及认识,在A油田A井组开展了早期注聚合物现场试验,并取得了初步成效。