Chemical hydrography of coastal upwelling in the East China Sea

Based on the field data obtained during cruises on the shelf of the East China Sea from 1997 to 1999, seasonal variations of coastal upwelling on the inner shelf are discussed by using cross-shelf transect profiles and horizontal distributions of chemical and hydrographic variables. Results show that the coastal upwelling was year-round, but the areas and intensities of the upwelling were quite different in season. The coastal upwelling occurred in all of the coastal areas of the region in spring and summer, but in autumn only in the area off Zhejiang Province, and in winter in the area off Fujian Prov- ince. It was the strongest in summer and the weakest in winter. Geographically, it was the strongest in the area off Zhejiang Province and the weakest in the southmost or northmost parts of the East China Sea. The estimated nutrient fluxes upward into euphotic zone through coastal upwelling were quite large, es- pecially for phosphate, which contributed significantly to primary production and improved the nutrient structure of the coastal ecosystem in the East China Sea.     

国际海道测量标准比较研究

为适应海道测量数据应用领域不断扩大和用户要求不断提高的需求,国际海道测量组织和世界海道测量技术发达国家相继发布了各自的新版海道测量规范和标准.将我国海道测量规范与国际海道测量标准在测量的分类与质量基准、水深测量技术要求以及其他测量标准等方面进行比较详细的分析比较,指出了我国海道测量规范的不足和需要改进的问题,旨在推进我...     

水文水深数据修正的普里兹湾数字水深模型

在第一版国际南大洋地图集(the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 1.0,IBCSO V1)的基础上,利用现场水文观测中的水深数据重构了普里兹湾及其周围海域的海底地形,建立了更准确的高分辨率数字水深模型。从多套现场水文观测数据中提取了水深观测结果,去除重复剖线后,比较了水文观测中的水深数据与IBCSO V1在500 m×500 m网格上的差异。在保留IBCSO V1中原始多波束、单波束回声测深数据和其他水深观测数据的前提下,使用插值技术修正了无观测数据海域地形。基于大量的海豹观测数据在较大程度上订正了IBCSO V1海床深度。与IBCSO V1海床深度相比,从戴维斯站以东至82°E的南极大陆沿岸、埃默里冰架前缘西部以及西冰架前缘附近区域的海床深度被低估的可能性最大。优化的南极普里兹湾海域水深数字地图改进了对普里兹湾海底地形结构特征的认识。更加准确的地形数据有利于理解海底地形对普里兹湾海洋环流的影响和建立更加可靠的数值模型。     

Hawaii Cyclonic Eddies and Blue Marlin Catches: The Case Study of the 1995 Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament

The combination of prevailing northeasterly tradewinds and island topography results in the formation of vigorous, westward propagating cyclonic eddies in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands on time scales of 50–70 days. These mesoscale (∼10² km) features are nowhere more conspicuous or spin up more frequently than in the Alenuihaha Channel between the Island of Maui and the Big Island of Hawaii. Cyclonic eddies in subtropical waters such as those around Hawaii vertically displace the underlying nutricline into the overlying, nutrient-depleted euphotic zone creating localized biologically enhanced patches. Insight into how these eddies may directly influence pelagic fish distribution is provided by examination of recreational fish catch data coinciding with the presence of eddies on the fishing grounds. We highlight the 1995 Hawaii International Billfish Tournament in which a cyclonic eddy dominated the ocean conditions during the weeklong event and the fish catch distribution differed significantly from the average historical tournament catch patterns. On the tournament fishing grounds, well-mixed surface layers and strong current flows induced by the eddy's presence characterized the inshore waters where the highest catches of the prized Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara) occurred, suggesting possible direct (e.g., physiological limitations) or indirect (e.g., prey availability) biological responses of blue marlin to the prevailing environment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modeling Local Tidal Constituents Using TOPEX/POSEIDON SSH for the Malaysian Marine Region

A new Local Ocean Tide Model, has been produced for the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Malaysia, which incorporates some of the latest TOPEX/POSEIDON data for the years 1992 to 1998. Local tide gauge data are used as a comparison, along with another leading Global Ocean Tide Model, Ori96. The leading diurnal and semidiurnal constituents M₂, S₂, N₂, K₁, O₁, P₁ and Q₁ are reproduced using TOPEX/POSEIDON Sea Surface Heights (SSH) in a response analysis type least squares derivation following Munk and Cartwright (1966).     

Map algebra based analysis for directed flow networks

Based on the concept of map algebra, this research developed a network neighborhood analysis framework for directed flow networks. The analysis framework has two components: the first component defines how neighborhoods are delineated on networks and the second component calculates various statistics within the neighborhoods. The power and value of the analysis framework lie in its capability to delineate versatile network neighborhoods and its flexibility in calculating various statistics within the neighborhoods. It extends the raster map algebra to networks and provides a consistent analysis framework for the raster, vector, and network data models. Using a small section of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) networks, a prototype Web application is implemented to experiment and demonstrate the concept and uses of the analysis framework.     

Hydrography and dynamics of the Ría de Ribadeo (NW Spain), a wave driven estuary

The Ría de Ribadeo, a small embayment in NW Spain, was observed for the first time using three months of ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) current meter records and three CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) surveys. A wave driven circulation pattern arises from the observations, instead of the shelf wind driven circulation of other Galician Rias. Based on ADCP records, a unidirectional flow in the horizontal velocity field coexists with the classic two-layer circulation (bidirectional flow). The proposed horizontal circulation pattern can then be explained as a wave driven inflow. This flow enters the ria through the west side, describes an anticlockwise gyre inside of it, and flows out through the east side. Numerical simulations run with the HAMSOM (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model) agreed with observations, confirming the proposed pattern.     

水东湾潮流特征分析及三维数值模拟

基于水东湾海域利用现状及水环境综合整治工作的迫切需要,对其海洋水文要素开展野外调查,以清晰理解其潮流特征,并据此进行潮流三维数值模拟.调查结果显示,水东湾观测期间的实测潮差在2.6~2.9 m之间,平均潮差约2.8 m,湾口潮差最大,湾顶海域潮差最小,涨潮历时略长于落潮,属不正规半日潮;各观测站位的最大流速相差较大,最高值出现在湾口深槽,为134 cm/s,最低值出现在湾顶浅海海域,为31 cm/s,最大流速水平分布基本上呈现为从湾口向湾顶递减态势.模拟结果显示,水东湾内潮流基本沿潮汐通道呈往复流动,涨潮流向介于280°~300°之间,流速在0.28~1.36 m/s范围内变化;落潮流向介于128°~180°之间,流速在0.56~1.44 m/s范围内变化,流矢受地形限制显著.     

关于海道测量与海洋测量的定义问题

针对目前国内在海道测量(学)和海洋测量(学)认识上存在的分歧,对我国海道测量发展的过程及其内涵的演变进行了分析,对国际上hydrographic survey、sea survey及marine survey的定义和演变进行了剖析,从概念上和应用上对海道测量(学)和海洋测量(学)的关系进行了研究,给出了两者的定义。