IHO出版物分类及其发展展望

国际海道测量组织是海道测量领域全球唯一的国际性、政府间、技术咨询组织,长期主导着标准和技术的发展方向,先后发布了多种出版物。研究了IHO出版物的分类、出版物主要内容,分析了IHO出版物的发展趋势,最后提出了相关的工作建议。     

信息技术对海道测量发展的影响分析

介绍分析了现代信息技术——ECDIS、3S技术、Internet技术在海道测量领域的应用与发展现状,旨在对未来海道测量领域的信息化建设进行探索。     

海洋测绘国际标准S-100的空间模式

S-100——《通用海洋测绘数据模型》是IHO颁布的海洋测绘最新国际标准,其中的空间模式是描述几何类型及其相互关系的框架,在描述、存储、应用海洋测绘地理空间数据方面起着基础和关键性作用。从拓扑学的角度对S-100空间模式的几何构造理论进行了总结,对几何类型的基本框架、继承关系、用途和构造方法进行了分析,将其与现行国内外标准的空间模式进行了对比,进而得出它具有数学严密性、灵活性和可扩展性等优点,同时也发现了一个类型继承错误以及无法描述线群和面群的不足。     

Evaluating the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of larval fish assemblages in a coastal marine ecosystem (Haizhou Bay,China)

In coastal marine ecosystems, spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages (LFAs) tend to exhibit geographic stability because of relatively stable spawning site selection and predictable oceanographic phenomena such as eddies. To evaluate the relationship between spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of LFAs, we conducted a high spatiotemporal resolution ichthyoplankton survey from April to July in 2013 in the shallow waters (<20 m) of Haizhou Bay, China. Our analysis indicated three distinct assemblages, which were stable geographically but exhibited a gradual and directional change of species composition and abundance over our study period. Sea surface temperature was the most important environmental co‐variate for determining temporal variability of LFAs, likely owing to temperature effects of species composition and spawning period selection of adult fish, along with known temperature‐dependent survival rates of larval fish. Study of LFA spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for improved understanding of adult fish spawning behavior, and has potential to inform design and implementation of conservation and management measures (e.g. marine protected areas) in coastal systems.     

Contrasting hydrography and phytoplankton distribution in the upper layers of cyclonic eddies in the Mozambique Basin and Mozambique Channel

Hydrographic data collected in cyclonic eddies in the Mozambique Channel and Basin revealed notable differences in temperature and salinity at a depth of 100 m, the upper mixed layer, the nitracline depths, and vertical distribution of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Differences in temperature and salinity did not show any consistent patterns. In contrast, the differences in the upper mixed layer, nitracline depths and the vertical Chl-a profile appeared to be driven by combined effects of eddy dynamics (i.e. shoaling of isopleths) and the seasonal variation in light availability and mixing conditions in the upper layers. Cyclonic eddies studied during austral spring and summer in the Mozambique Channel exhibited shallower upper mixed layers and nitracline depths, and deeper euphotic zones. Distinct subsurface Chl-a maxima (SCM) were associated with the stratified conditions in the upper layers of these eddies. In contrast, a cyclonic eddy studied during mid-austral winter in the Mozambique Basin had a shallower euphotic zone, deeper upper mixed layer and uniform Chl-a profiles. Another eddy sampled in the Mozambique Basin toward the end of winter showed a less pronounced SCM and roughly equal euphotic zone and upper mixed layer depths, suggestive of a transition from a well-mixed upper layer during winter to stratified conditions in summer.     

海洋测绘与海洋经济的发展

阐述了海洋测绘学科的内涵和地位,介绍了学科体系及具体内容,结合海洋经济的蓬勃发展,论述了二者之间的密切关系。     

平均大潮高潮面的计算方法与比较

平均大潮高潮面在我国用作海洋测绘净空信息表示的参考面。论证了该特征潮面的定义,扩充了其含义范围,将回归潮高高潮位应用为平均大潮高潮位。分析描述了实测潮位和预报潮位统计计算方法,比较了统计方法与潮汐特征值算法的符合度,计算了平均大潮高潮位与理论最高潮位的比率。基本研究结论是:对规则半日潮和规则日潮海域,统计算法和特征值算法的结果较为一致,而混合潮海域,两种特征潮位之间存在明显差异,平均大潮高潮位计算的相关问题需深入系统论证。     

无验潮水深测量系统定位精度检验

利用无验潮水深测量系统定位设备,采集了静态和动态两组定位数据,从静态和动态定位两个方面分析了不同长度基线的解算结果。结果表明:基线长度在40km范围以内,定位结果完全满足无验潮水深测量系统的±10cm的测量精度要求。     

当前国际海道测量技术进展

通过参加第18届国际海道测量大会测绘仪器展和对所收集的资料翻译整理,对当前国际海道测量技术进展进行了分析总结。我国海道测量技术水平与国际先进水平还有较大差距;当前国际海道测量、测量装备及软件系统的不断更新、自主式无人机、水下机器人及智能浮标等新技术的广泛应用,极大丰富了海道测量信息,海道测量的服务范围不断扩大,随着海洋开发的加快,北极必将成为世界海道测量下一个热点。     

11年《海洋测绘》论文综述

针对2011年《海洋测绘》刊载的论文情况,从海洋测绘学科发展角度,通过对各专业论文发表情况的统计分析,对海洋大地测量、水深测量、潮汐观测与水位控制、海洋遥感应用、海图制图、卫星定位与导航等专业的发展现状,进行了归纳总结和简要评述。旨在为广大测绘工作者提供参考。