川滇高原斜坡地带峡谷区岩溶水化学特征及演化规律

岩溶地下水不仅作为重要的生活和生产用水水源,而且作为一种重要的地质营力,对于岩溶演化史具有重要影响,对其进行水化学特征分析及演化规律研究,能够为岩溶水资源及岩溶生态环境保护提供科学依据。以川滇高原斜坡地带峡谷区岩溶地下水为研究对象,结合研究区水文地质条件,对比分析了龙爪坝河岩溶水系统和洛泽河岩溶水系统内地下水化学特征。通过常规地下水化学组分、氢氧同位素分析和水文地球化学反向模拟,识别了地下水化学类型,确定了岩溶水的主要离子来源和补给特征,判别了发生的水岩相互作用过程。研究表明：岩溶地下水以大气降水为补给来源,离子源于岩石风化作用,物质来源为灰岩、白云岩夹灰岩,水岩相互作用均受方解石、白云石和石膏沉淀及溶解作用控制,且龙爪坝河岩溶水系统内矿物饱和指数趋近饱和,岩溶发育趋于停滞,而洛泽河岩溶水系统内矿物饱和指数处于不饱和或饱和的波动态,岩溶仍然发育。     

昆明吴家营岩溶水系统边界的水文地球化学分析

西南岩溶水系统边界条件复杂,其中水头隔水边界在水动力条件改变的情况下具有不稳定的隔水特性。文章以昆明吴家营岩溶地下水系统为例,通过水化学组分动态序列图解法、数理统计法及水文地球化学模拟等方法对研究区边界特性进行了研究。研究结果表明该岩溶水系统水动力条件丰水季优于枯水季,并存在与边界外发生水力联系的越流通道;丰水季时岩溶槽谷区地下水在高水力梯度的驱动下向下绕过玄武岩隔水层,通过下部阳新灰岩对系统内岩溶水进行越流补给,枯水季受深部滞流阻水影响,越流补给现象不明显;由此得出此类水头边界的隔水特性会随水动力条件的改变而具有动态响应特征。研究成果对当地岩溶水资源量的评价和合理开发利用提供科学依据。      

人工回灌条件下的水岩作用室内实验研究

人工回灌过程中所发生的水岩作用是影响含水层地下水环境质量的重要因素。本次采用室内实验技术对人工回灌过程中的水文地球化学作用和各主要离子的来源进行了分析。结果表明：人工回灌过程中地下水中的Na＋不仅受混合作用的影响,还伴随有相应的阳离子交换反应和含Na矿物的溶解反应等,而且回灌过程对原始地下水中的Na＋、Cl-有稀释作用;K＋主要受到钾长石矿物溶解的影响;人工回灌过程中存在石膏、方解石等矿物组分溶解,并且介质中的含锰矿物和含铁矿物发生了溶解反应。     

水文地球化学研究现状与进展

1938年,“水文地球化学”术语提出,至今水文地球化学作为一门独立的学科得到长足的发展,其服务领域不断扩大。当今水文地球化学研究的理论已经广泛地应用在油田水、海洋水、地热水、地下水质与地方病以及地下水微生物等诸多领域的研究。其研究方法也日臻完善。随着化学热力学和化学动力学及同位素方法的深入研究,以及人类开发资源和保护生态的需要,水文地球化学必将在多学科的交叉和渗透中拓展研究领域,并在基础理论及定量化研究方面取得新的进展。     

泰安市桥沟地热田水文地球化学特征及其成因分析

桥沟地热田地处泰安市徂徕镇桥沟村西,20世纪70年代初被发现,为带状热储型的低温地热资源.笔者通过对该地热田已有钻探和地热地质资料分析,结合本次开展的地热地质调查、地温场调查、水文地球化学测试等工作,探讨地热水的主量元素、微量元素、放射性元素、同位素等组分特征,研究了地热水的补给来源、形成年龄及成因,建立了泰山岩群热储...     

基于结构体的峨眉山玄武岩风化程度评价（Ⅱ）：玄武岩斜坡地下水及浸泡液水文地球化学

岩石风化过程中的元素活动性评价除应考虑该元素在风化产物中残留与淋失状况及在淋滤液(地下水及室内浸泡液等)中的浓度外,还应考虑其在母岩中的相对含量.峨眉山玄武岩斜坡地下水及室内浸泡液中各元素原子个数比值与母岩中对应比值之间均存在显著差异,其造岩矿物的非全等溶解特征显著.综合考虑风化过程中的岩石成分变化、斜坡地下水及室内浸泡液化学成分确定的峨眉山玄武岩风化过程中的元素活动性顺序为Ca＞Na＞Mg≥Si＞K＞Fe.活动性强或惰性程度高、对风化程度变化响应敏感应成为岩石风化程度指示性元素的选择标准,Ca和Fe应成为峨眉山玄武岩风化程度评价的首选元素.     

Variation of hydrogeochemical characteristics of water in surface flows,shallow wells,and boreholes in the coastal city of Douala (Cameroon)

ABSTRACT

Groundwater is used by 3?million inhabitants in the coastal urban city of Douala, Cameroon, but comprehensive data are too sparse for it to be managed in a sustainable manner. Hence this study aimed to (1) assess the potability of the groundwater; (2) evaluate the spatial variation of groundwater composition; and (3) assess the interaction and recharge mechanisms of different water bodies. Hydrogeochemical tools and methods revealed the following results in the Wouri and Nkappa formations of the Douala basin, which is beneath Douala city: 30% of water samples from hand-dug wells in the shallow Pleistocene alluvium aquifer were saline and highly mineralized. However, water from boreholes in the deeper (49–92 m depth) Palaeocene aquifer was saline-free, less mineralized and potable. Water in the shallow aquifer (0.5–22 m depth) was of Na⁺-K⁺-Cl^?-NO₃^? type and not potable due to point source pollution, whereas Ca⁺-HCO₃^? unpolluted water dominates in the deeper aquifer. Water in the deep and shallow aquifers indicates the results of preferential flow pass and evaporative recharge, respectively. Possible hydrogeochemical processes include point source pollution, reverse ion exchange, remote recharge areas and mixing of waters with different chemical signatures.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR M.D. Fidelibus     

Hydrogeochemistry of seepage water collected within the Youngcheon diversion tunnel,Korea: source and evolution of SO4‐rich groundwater in sedimentary terrain

In the Youngcheon Diversion Tunnel area, South Korea, 46 samples of tunnel seepage water (TSW) and borehole groundwater were collected from areas with sedimentary rocks (mainly sandstone and shale) and were examined for hydrogeochemical characteristics. The measured SO₄ concentrations range widely from 7·7 to 942·0 mg/l, and exceed the Korean Drinking Water Standard (200 mg/l) in about half the samples. The TDS (total dissolved solid) content generally is high (171–1461 mg/l) from more shale‐rich formations and also reflects varying degrees of water–rock interaction. The water is classified into three groups: Ca? SO₄ type (61% of the samples collected), Ca? SO₄? HCO₃ type (15%) and Ca? HCO₃ type (24%). The Ca? HCO₃ type water (mean concentrations=369 mg/l Ca, 148 mg/l HCO₃ and 23 mg/l SO₄) reflected the simple reaction between CO₂‐recharged water and calcite, whereas the more SO₄‐rich nature of Ca? SO₄ type water (mean concentrations=153 mg/l Ca, 66 mg/l HCO₃ and 416 mg/l SO₄) reflected the oxidation of pyrite in sedimentary rocks and fracture zones. Pyrite oxidation resulted in precipitation of amorphous iron hydroxide locally within the tunnel as well as in high concentrations of Ca (mean 153 mg/l) and Na (mean 49 mg/l) for TSW, and is associated with calcite dissolution resulting in pH buffering. The pyrite oxidation required for the formation of Ca? SO₄ type water was enhanced by the diffusion of oxygenated air through the fractures related to the tunnel's construction. The subsequent outgassing of CO₂ into the tunnel resulted in precipitation of iron‐bearing carbonate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PHREEQC在五大连池富CO2冷矿泉成因分析中的应用

分析了矿泉形成的水文地质成因,并应用PHREEQC对矿水形成的地球化学过程进行了模拟。初步认定：岩浆活动形成大量以水和二氧化碳为主的气体,沿火山通道上升,到达深大断裂带时与运移到此的地下水混溶,形成CO2高压溶水,CO2高压溶水不断溶蚀围岩。经溶蚀花岗闪长岩形成的深成矿水在上升过程中,在药泉山附近的多级深断裂交汇处汇聚,在沿断裂上升过程中不断与浅层地下水混合后出露地表形成矿泉。泉水绝大部分来源于浅层地下水。     

定边县周台子水源地地下水水文地球化学特征研究

以43件地下水化学样品为基础资料,对定边县周台子水源地地下水的水化学类型,水化学成分变化规律进行了研究,得出了矿化度、pH值、氟化物、氯离子、钠离子等水源地地下水水文地球化学特征。