四川盆地广安地区中二叠统栖霞组岩石特征与沉积环境

四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组勘探发现系列油气,资源潜力巨大。但广安地区中二叠统栖霞组的岩石学特征及沉积环境研究薄弱。在野外地质调查的基础上,结合室内岩石学、岩相学等综合分析,对广安地区栖霞组碳酸盐岩岩石特征、沉积相类型及其古地理展布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明：广安地区栖霞组主要发育亮晶颗粒灰岩、亮晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶生物碎屑灰岩、微晶颗粒灰岩、生物碎屑微晶灰岩、含生物碎屑微晶灰岩和泥晶灰岩7种岩石类型;碳酸盐岩颗粒主要以生物碎屑为主,部分层位发育球粒;古生物化石以三叶虫、腕足和有孔虫为主,同时可见棘皮类和藻类;栖霞组沉积期主要为碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,其中栖霞组晚期（栖二段）台缘滩和台内滩较为发育,为该区油气成藏提供了有利条件。     

山西省落家河铜矿地质特征及矿床成因浅析

落家河矿田位于中条三叉裂谷南东支的落家河构造剥蚀天窗内,该区域位于线性构造和弧形构造的交叉部位,是成矿有利部位.落家河矿区赋矿岩性为新太古界绛县群宋家山组绿泥片岩和变细碧岩.宋家山组一套钠质中基—中酸性火山凝灰岩夹正常沉积钙质副变质岩组成.经变质后的绿片岩层是主要找矿层位,特别是该岩层沿走向或倾向变化大和膨胀部位.硅化...     

山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价工作取得的一些基本成果以及该区存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,Zn,Pb,Cu,Se,Cd,S,P,Hg,N,OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,使表层土壤含量明显大于深层;总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的0.13%,主要分布在矿集区和城镇周边,主要污染元素为Cd,Cr,Ni,Hg。浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样总硬度超标,溶解性总固体、NO2-和F-等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有：①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N,P和有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③莱州-烟台和牟平-乳山矿集区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤Hg,Cd,Pb,Zn,Se,S等元素污染严重。地质高背景、酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。     

平邑县矿山地质环境保护与治理机制探索

平邑县高度重视日益突出的矿山地质环境问题,不断加强矿山地质环境保护与治理工作力度,通过推进矿山公园建设、严格采矿权审批程序及开展矿山地质环境治理总体规划等,对保护矿业遗迹、保护矿山地质环境等工作起到积极作用,并取得了较好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。     

内蒙古东部额尔古纳地块古变质岩地球化学特征及成因环境探讨

额尔古纳地块古老变质岩系重新厘定为古元古界兴华渡口群与风水山片麻杂岩.对兴华渡口群与风水山片麻杂岩的岩石学、岩石化学化学与地球化学特征进行了分析,论述了本区的变质作用特征,并对额尔古纳地块的基底构造背景及成因模式进行了探讨.     

江西德兴矿集区水系沉积物重金属污染的时空对比

对比研究矿山开采一定时段内区域环境污染的时空变化特征,对于动态监测矿山开采对区域环境质量的影响情况、污染趋势等,具有重要的科学意义和实际价值.本文在利用2004年野外采集与测试分析的330个水系沉积物样品重金属含量数据基础上,充分利用矿山开采早期(1989)的1:20万乐平幅(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb)水系沉积物地球化学图,通过数据预处理,分别对样品采集点重金属元素含量的统计分析和地质累积指数法评价的基础上,采用GIS的二维空间分析功能,对比研究德必地区水系沉积物重金属污染时窄变化.研究结果表明,十几年来,矿山开采对区域水系沉积物已造成了严重的污染,主要集中分布在是德兴铅锌和铜钼矿区德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区、乐安河下游沿岸局部地区、西北煤矿区以及乐安河下游乐平附近的煤矿区.     

Diagenetic Evolution and Formation Mechanisms of High-Quality Reservoirs under Multiple Diagenetic Environmental Constraints: An Example from the Paleogene Beach-Bar Sandstone Reservoirs in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased.     

天然磁铁矿化学改性及其在水体除砷中的应用

铁氧化物及其复合氧化物(如菱铁矿、水铁矿)的表面电荷高、比表面积大,在特定条件下对亚砷酸盐和砷酸盐有较强的结合能力和亲和性,以铁氧化物作为吸附剂处理高砷水已经成为研究热点之一。天然磁铁矿的主要成分为Fe_3O_4,但其本身活性较弱,直接应用于处理高砷水的除砷率低。本文对天然磁铁矿采取酸化、碱化、不同温度灼烧、不同灼烧时间等简易的方法进行改性,达到有效去除水中砷的目的。实验结果表明:经0.5 mol/L盐酸浸泡、150℃灼烧10 min的改性磁铁矿分别处理As(Ⅲ)溶液和As(Ⅴ)溶液时,As(Ⅴ)去除率达98%,吸附能力显著增强,达到预期目标;溶液中As(Ⅲ)浓度从1000μg/L下降到250μg/L,去除率达75%,即As吸附能力明显优于未改性的天然磁铁矿,与其他改性铁矿除砷能力相近,而改性方法更加简便、易行。本文研究的改性天然磁铁矿吸附剂为控制高砷水的砷含量提供了一种切实可用的吸附材料。