突泉盆地突参1井原油中轻烃和金刚烷地球化学特征及油源启示

采用全烃气相色谱、全油气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了突泉盆地突参1井原油的轻烃和金刚烷类化合物特征,剖析其母质类型、沉积环境、成熟度等方面的信息及地质地球化学意义.突参1井原油Pr/Ph=3.17,姥鲛烷优势明显,指示为偏氧化的沉积环境;甲基环己烷指数MCH为46%,环己烷指数CH为25%,3,4DMD在二甲基金刚烷类化合物中占据一定的优势,其相对含量为48%,根据图版所示揭示其母质类型为Ⅱ₂-Ⅲ型;正庚烷指数（IH）为27.6%,异庚烷指数（Ⅱ）为0.33,甲基单金刚烷成熟度指数（IMA）为0.63,二甲基双金刚烷成熟度指数（IMD）为0.38,经公式计算Ro约为1.2%,属于成熟-高成熟阶段.结合前人研究资料,认为突参1井原油来自于中侏罗统万宝组煤系泥岩.     

内蒙古石拐盆地下侏罗统武当沟组烃源岩有机地球化学特征

内蒙古石拐盆地广泛发育下侏罗统武当沟组煤系烃源岩.在进行野外地质勘查、典型剖面实测、样品采集及实验分析基础上,进行了有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等有机地球化学特征研究,初步对其生烃潜力进行评价.研究认为,石拐盆地中下侏罗统武当沟组烃源岩TOC含量主要分布于0.7%~12.4%,有机质类型为Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型,Ro分布于0.47%~0.71%之间,演化程度为未成熟-低成熟.武当沟组是内蒙古中部地区重要的生烃层系,具备非常规油气资源潜力.     

准噶尔盆地车排子凸起沙湾组油藏输导体系研究

新近系沙湾组是准噶尔盆地车排子凸重要的油气富集层位。在对沙湾组油藏分布、油性进行分析的基础上,结合前 人研究成果,将沙湾组油气的成藏过程分为两个阶段：古油藏阶段和次生调整阶段,并分别论述各阶段的输导体系及其时 空组合关系。古油藏阶段主要发育白垩系底部不整合面和红车断裂带同生逆断层组成的输导体系,研究区北部的白垩系底 面不整合有效输导厚度大,向西逐渐减薄为0;同生逆断裂是控制红车断裂带发育演化的主干断裂,形成时间早,断距 大。次生调整阶段则发育有沙湾组一段底部砂体、红车断裂带后生正断层、艾卡断裂带、凸起之上新近系张性断裂组成的 输导体系,沙一段砂体在凸起之上分布广泛,沉积连续而稳定,呈“毯状”自南向北逐渐减薄,做为最底部的砂体层,是 该阶段主要的横向输导体系;新近纪末期红车断裂带发育了一期正断裂,断裂活动强度大且规模较大,凸起之上则发育一 期与红车断裂带后生正断层同期形成的新近系正断层,凸起南部四棵树凹陷的艾卡断裂活动期长、断距大、延伸远,这些 断层构成了次生调整阶段的纵向输导体系。利用运移通道指数（MPI） 及颗粒荧光定量分析（QGF） 分别预测了白垩系底 不整合面及沙一段毯状砂体的优势运移区。平面上将运移通道指数在0.3以上的区域作为不整合输导层的优势运移区,将 QGF指数值大于3.8的区域作为沙一段毯状砂体的优势运移区。通过分析多套输导体系在油气成藏的不同阶段的空间组合以 及油气分布与输导体系的关系,明确了输导体系对油气成藏的控制作用,预测609井区具备油气输导的有利条件,可作为 下步勘探目标区。     

山前带地质及油气成藏特征探讨

山前带包括前陆褶皱冲断带和前陆盆地靠近造山带部分,其油气资源极为丰富。根据前陆盆地的形成机制分类,将山前带划分为弧后前陆型山前带、周缘前陆型山前带和再生前陆型山前带。参考叠合盆地的分类方案,将山前带划分成正反转山前带和继承前陆型山前带。再生前陆型山前带和继承前陆型山前带仅在中国中西部地区发育。山前带的油气成藏具有一定的规律性,前前陆期沉积的页岩作为优质的烃源岩,前陆期砂岩和前前陆期碳酸盐岩是油气成藏良好的储集层,而泥岩、膏盐层、盐岩层等是优质的盖层,断层是油气运移的主要通道。前陆褶皱冲断带以构造圈闭为主,前陆盆地则以构造一地层圈闭为主。     

东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布特征与油气勘探前景

在充分利用前人对东海陆架盆地中生代油气勘探成果的基础上,对最新处理的地震剖面和重磁反演剖面进行了精细解释和综合研究,结合海陆中生界对比结果认为:东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布广、厚度大,平均厚度可达6 000 m,而且具有“东厚西薄、南厚北薄”的特征。侏罗系主要分布在闽江和基隆凹陷,厚度分布稳定,w(TOC)平均值>1.0%;而白垩系在整个陆架盆地南部均有分布,具有向基隆凹陷加厚的趋势,w(TOC)平均值<1.0%。东海陆架盆地南部的基隆凹陷是下一步油气资源战略选区的首选目标,而台北低凸起很可能具有良好的油气远景。     

Antimicrobial activities of novel cultivable bacteria isolated from marine sponge Tedania anhelans

Marine sponge Tedania anhelans distributes throughout the intertidal zone of Fujian, southeastern China, and is a potential source of natural bioactive products. The sponge harbors a large number of bacterial groups that have been identified using various techniques, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Fractionation of dissociated sponge allowed isolation of 25 bacterial species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis attributed most of these eubacteria to α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteroidetes (CFB group), and the family Bacillaceae of Gram-positive bacteria. In sequence similarity, five putatively novel species were identified with less than 98% similarity to other strains in the NCBI database. Tests for antimicrobial activities were performed against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, antitumor indicators Escherichia coli 343/591 (with DNA repair deficiency), regular E. coli 343/636 (with different DNA repair capacity), and 10 bacterial isolates exhibited inhibitory bioactivities. Among these strains, three isolates were detected involving function gene NRPS-A domains, which were most closely related to the amino acid sequences of linear gramicidin synthetase and pyoverdine synthetase. These results contribute to our knowledge of the microbes associated with marine sponges and further reveal novel bacterial resources for the screening of bioactive marine natural products.     

珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物多样性

本研究以nirS基因为分子标记,将PCR、克隆文库构建与测序和典范对应分析相结合,对珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物的群落多样性进行了研究。3个站位共获得180个nirS基因克隆子,隶属于62个OTUs,氨基酸序列的相似性在50%—100%之间。各站位OTU分布格局差异明显,范围在19—33之间,表现出高度的多样性。系统进化分析表明,62个OTUs形成了5个类群,分别与河口、海洋沉积物、海岸养殖排放废水、富营养化海湾及海水养殖沉积物等的反硝化微生物聚类在一起,表明珠江口作为海淡水交汇区具有独特的反硝化微生物群落分布格局,同时也指示了珠江口氮污染及富营养化程度。典范对应分析结果表明,盐度、氮相关营养盐水平(PON/TN、NH4-N、NO-N和NO-N)可能是影响其分布格局的重要因素。     

What can we learn from genomics approaches in marine ecology? From sequences to eco‐systems biology!

The application of genomic approaches to marine biota has profoundly altered our understanding of life in the oceans, especially regarding concepts of adaptation, speciation and evolution. The avalanche of genomic data has provided an unbiased view of marine biology that has never been seen before. In particular, comparative and metagenomic approaches with microbes from different biogeochemical marine provinces provided the first insights into how they acquire and discard genes as needed, even across kingdom boundaries, in response to their environment. These data clearly reveal that marine microbes have remarkable abilities to change their genomes according to both environmental stresses and biotic interactions. Thus, it is most likely that the flux of energy and matter in the marine system is reflected by the presence or absence of genes and proteins in marine organisms, which could provide novel tools to understand biogeochemical processes of global significance. However, the challenge is to put the reductionistic knowledge gained by genomics and metagenomics into the larger contexts of cellular systems and ecosystems to identify emergent properties that could not have been predicted by breaking down the whole into its individual parts.     

钻井中油气地球化学勘探技术及其应用

井中油气地球化学勘探技术研究立足于油气运移的理论,是通过分析钻井岩屑(岩心)中不同赋存状态的烃类化探指标含量,研究不同化探方法指标含量在钻井剖面上的分布特征及变化规律,建立井中油气地球化学剖面,探索研究油气垂向微运移规律,生、储、盖层化探指标变化与组合特征,从而达到判别储层含油气性、评价烃源岩特征、评价盖层特征等石油地质目的,为油气勘探提供地球化学依据。     

厦门海域贝类养殖环境中的大肠菌群和异养细菌

2005年和2006年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)研究了厦门海域贝类养殖环境(海水、底质)和养殖贝类中大肠菌群(TC)和异养细菌(HB)数量分布及其在不同介质中数量之间的相关性,并对贝类养殖环境卫生质量进行了评价。结果表明:潮间带贝类养殖区TC数量较高,虾池和浅海贝类养殖区的较低;虾池贝类养殖区HB数量较高,潮间带和浅海贝类养殖区的较低。总体上,厦门海域贝类养殖环境中TC和HB数量分布呈同安湾湾内和西海域高,同安湾湾口和大嶝海域低的格局。大多数站位海水中TC和HB数量春季稍高于秋季,养殖贝类体中TC和HB数量秋季高于春季,底质中HB数量春、秋季无明显差异,TC数量则秋季稍高于春季。浅海和虾池贝类养殖区海水与贝类、底质与贝类中TC和HB的数量之间均成显著正相关。贝类养殖区底质中HB和TC数量,软泥>粉砂质软泥>粉砂,贝类体内器官组织中HB和TC数量,僧帽牡蛎:外套膜>外套腔液>内脏团;缢蛏和菲律宾蛤仔:外套腔液>外套膜>内脏团。厦门海域贝类养殖环境受到TC和HB不同程度的污染,潮间带贝类养殖区和虾池贝类养殖区分别受到TC和HB的较重污染。