红树林的生态学功能及其资源保护

本文综合国内外红树林生态系统结构和功能研究现状,重点阐述了红树林在不同生境状态下结构与功能方面的异同及其对不同管理水平的反应,及各种人类活动干扰对红树林生态系统的影响,并探讨了红树林在不同利用方式和干扰强度下的恢复机制.未来对红树林的研究应加强对地下生物学过程、碳动态、食物网与食物链、生物多样性的变化、微生物在生态系统生物地球化学循环中的作用,尤其是不同时空尺度上红树林的结构动态和功能过程等方面的了解,为红树林湿地的有效保护、成功恢复以及科学管理提供科学依据.     

安徽省人居环境空间差异分析

当今世界,随着城市化、工业化的高度发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,但一系列环境问题也随之出现并严重威胁着人类的健康和生存.人居环境的建设逐步成为学术界关注的焦点与重点领域之一.笔者选取安徽省13个城市,利用主成分分析和聚类分析的方法对安徽省的人居环境进行评价,建立了人居环境综合评价指标体系.经过分析,将13个城市分为4个类型,最后根据问题提出对策.     

快速城市化进程中福州市土地利用动态变化及其人文驱动力研析

在分析1996～2004年福州市城市化发展和土地利用动态变化的基础上，探求城市化与土地利用变化之间的内在关系，然后选取代表性指标对建设用地和耕地数量与各自的驱动变量进行相关性分析，最后构建了驱动模型。结果表明：（1）1996-2004年，福州市土地利用结构变化明显，土地利用空间变化较大；（2）地均GDP的提高、GDP总量和全社会固定资产投资额的增长是建设用地拓展的主要驱动力；（3）耕地变化的最主要驱动力则是建设用地占用、粮食播种面积和耕地保护政策强度。     

Human Losses Expected in Himalayan Earthquakes

Quantitative estimates of potential losses that may be caused by future great earthquakes along the Himalaya suggest that as many as 150,000 people may die, 300,000 may be injured and typically 3,000 settlements will be affected in a single event. Scenario results used here vary and are based on ruptures of 150 km segments of the plate boundary at seven positions, where sufficient elastic energy is believed to be stored for magnitude eight earthquakes. The method of calculating these results was calibrated, using the 17 disastrous Indian earthquakes, which have occurred since 1980. About 50 settlements in the region are considered most at risk because in each more than 2000 fatalities may occur.     

Lake sediment records on climate change and human activities since the Holocene in Erhai catchment,Yunnan Province,China

Climate of Yunnan Plateau is mainly controlledby the system of southwest Asian monsoon, and alsoaffected by westerlies and local climate of the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau. Since the Cenozoic, a large numberof structural lake basins have formed with the uplift ofthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[1]. As the information aboutthe climate and environment change was faithfullydocumented in lake sediments, which have the char-acteristics of continuity, high resolution, abundant in-formation, lake sediments p…     

Sediment transferring function of the lower reaches of the Yellow River influenced by drainage basin factors and human activities

Since 1986, with a sharp decrease in water dis-charges, the Yellow River has entered a period charac-terized by low discharges and seasonally occurring dry-ups[1,2]. Since 1999, more strict management of water diversion has been imposed, and therefore the dry-ups have been well under control. However, the lower reaches of the Yellow River is still predominated by low-discharges, and has become a man-induced shrinking river. In the past 40 years, significant effect of soil and water conservat…     

地震人员伤亡估算方法研究

本文将目前国内外地震人员伤亡的评估方法区分为将生命损失用货币单位来衡量和单独估算人员伤亡数量两大类,并对评估方法进行了系统归纳总结,在此基础上,利用以倒塌率为主要影响因素的6种估算方法对1976年唐山地震,1996年云南丽江7．0级地震及内蒙古包头西6．4级地震的人员伤亡进行了评估,并与三次地震人员伤亡的实际统计结构进行了比较,最后,提出了一种较精确,适用的伤亡评估方法。     

A Sediment Budget of The Lower Yellow River, China, Over The Period from 1855 to 1968

This study investigates the sediment fluxes through the Yellow River sediment routing system, which are among the largest in the world, by constructing a sediment budget of the system over the period from 1855 to 1968. The framework of the sediment budget includes four functional units with the upper and middle reaches of the river as the sediment source and its lower reaches, its delta, and the deep sea as the sediment sinks. Sediment yield from the source and amounts of deposition in the lower Yellow River and the modern Yellow River delta were estimated for completing the sediment budget. The sediment budget produced for the period from 1855 to 1968 was characterized by a sediment input of 1.837 × 10¹¹ tonnes and a distribution of the sediment between the lower Yellow River, the delta, and the deep sea of 64%, 33%, and 3%, respectively. The details of the sediment budget show that the importance of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River changed greatly with variations in the condition of the dykes and other human activities. A comparison of the sediment budgets of the delta for different timescales shows that the proportion of sediment dispersed to the deep sea decreases as the timescale over which the sediment fluxes are investigated increases.