快速城市化进程中福州市土地利用动态变化及其人文驱动力研析

在分析1996～2004年福州市城市化发展和土地利用动态变化的基础上，探求城市化与土地利用变化之间的内在关系，然后选取代表性指标对建设用地和耕地数量与各自的驱动变量进行相关性分析，最后构建了驱动模型。结果表明：（1）1996-2004年，福州市土地利用结构变化明显，土地利用空间变化较大；（2）地均GDP的提高、GDP总量和全社会固定资产投资额的增长是建设用地拓展的主要驱动力；（3）耕地变化的最主要驱动力则是建设用地占用、粮食播种面积和耕地保护政策强度。     

Human Losses Expected in Himalayan Earthquakes

Quantitative estimates of potential losses that may be caused by future great earthquakes along the Himalaya suggest that as many as 150,000 people may die, 300,000 may be injured and typically 3,000 settlements will be affected in a single event. Scenario results used here vary and are based on ruptures of 150 km segments of the plate boundary at seven positions, where sufficient elastic energy is believed to be stored for magnitude eight earthquakes. The method of calculating these results was calibrated, using the 17 disastrous Indian earthquakes, which have occurred since 1980. About 50 settlements in the region are considered most at risk because in each more than 2000 fatalities may occur.     

Lake sediment records on climate change and human activities since the Holocene in Erhai catchment,Yunnan Province,China

Climate of Yunnan Plateau is mainly controlledby the system of southwest Asian monsoon, and alsoaffected by westerlies and local climate of the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau. Since the Cenozoic, a large numberof structural lake basins have formed with the uplift ofthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[1]. As the information aboutthe climate and environment change was faithfullydocumented in lake sediments, which have the char-acteristics of continuity, high resolution, abundant in-formation, lake sediments p…     

Sediment transferring function of the lower reaches of the Yellow River influenced by drainage basin factors and human activities

Since 1986, with a sharp decrease in water dis-charges, the Yellow River has entered a period charac-terized by low discharges and seasonally occurring dry-ups[1,2]. Since 1999, more strict management of water diversion has been imposed, and therefore the dry-ups have been well under control. However, the lower reaches of the Yellow River is still predominated by low-discharges, and has become a man-induced shrinking river. In the past 40 years, significant effect of soil and water conservat…     

地震人员伤亡估算方法研究

本文将目前国内外地震人员伤亡的评估方法区分为将生命损失用货币单位来衡量和单独估算人员伤亡数量两大类,并对评估方法进行了系统归纳总结,在此基础上,利用以倒塌率为主要影响因素的6种估算方法对1976年唐山地震,1996年云南丽江7．0级地震及内蒙古包头西6．4级地震的人员伤亡进行了评估,并与三次地震人员伤亡的实际统计结构进行了比较,最后,提出了一种较精确,适用的伤亡评估方法。     

A Sediment Budget of The Lower Yellow River, China, Over The Period from 1855 to 1968

This study investigates the sediment fluxes through the Yellow River sediment routing system, which are among the largest in the world, by constructing a sediment budget of the system over the period from 1855 to 1968. The framework of the sediment budget includes four functional units with the upper and middle reaches of the river as the sediment source and its lower reaches, its delta, and the deep sea as the sediment sinks. Sediment yield from the source and amounts of deposition in the lower Yellow River and the modern Yellow River delta were estimated for completing the sediment budget. The sediment budget produced for the period from 1855 to 1968 was characterized by a sediment input of 1.837 × 10¹¹ tonnes and a distribution of the sediment between the lower Yellow River, the delta, and the deep sea of 64%, 33%, and 3%, respectively. The details of the sediment budget show that the importance of sedimentation in the lower Yellow River changed greatly with variations in the condition of the dykes and other human activities. A comparison of the sediment budgets of the delta for different timescales shows that the proportion of sediment dispersed to the deep sea decreases as the timescale over which the sediment fluxes are investigated increases.     

GCM STUDIES ON ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA*

Impacts of human activities on climate change as simulated by the general circulation models (GCMs)in China for the recent ten years have been summarized and reviewed in this paper.The researches show that it might be getting warmer over China due to the greenhouse effects.The atmospheric circulation and precipitation also might be changed due to the greenhouse effects.The assessments and evaluations of the models over the globe and China have also been presented in this paper.     

跨世纪的十大人为环境灾难及其对策

过去的100年,社会生产力飞速发展,人口急剧增加,人类不合理的生产活动和生活活动,严重地破坏了自身的生存环境,造成了全球性的十大生态灾难,且愈演愈烈,以至危及人类的发展乃至生存。研究十大环境灾难的、现状及其危害,唤起全人类强烈的环保意识,探求合理途径,采取有效措施,防治环境问题,使人类和环境协调发展,是新世纪赋予给人类首要的、刻不容缓的最重要的使用。