青岛市秋冬季霾期PM1及其含碳组分理化特征及来源研究

对2017年11月1日—2018年1月31日与2018年11月1日—2019年1月31日连续两年青岛市大气PM₁进行监测,获取了PM₁中含碳组分的变化趋势,结合国控站点监测数据和气象条件,分析了秋冬季PM₁来源.结果表明：2017、2018年秋冬季观测期间PM₁日均质量浓度分别为40.58±25.98、42.55±25.05 μg/m³;霾日质量浓度分别为84.71±16.70、81.52±18.39 μg/m³.与2017年相比,2018年同期PM₁质量浓度增长4.85%,霾日下降3.76%.2017年霾日PM₁中OC、EC质量浓度分别为13.67±3.95、3.95±1.02 μg/m³,2018年分别为16.48±6.34、3.34±1.16 μg/m³.与2017年相比,2018年霾日OC质量浓度增长20.56%,EC下降15.44%.2017、2018年霾日SOC质量浓度分别是非霾日的1.28和2.15倍,表明霾污染发生时易发生有机碳二次转化.含碳组分主成分分析均解析出3个因子.因子1解释变量均最大,分别为58.98%、67.14%,其表征含碳组分主要源于生物质燃烧、燃煤、道路扬尘及汽油车尾气等排放源.由后向气流轨迹分析得出,2017、2018年秋冬季气团轨迹多起源于内蒙古,经河北、天津、山东等省市抵达青岛.     

基于EJB组件的分布式电子商务应用系统框架

在分析J2EE体系结构及EJB组件技术的基础上，提出一种基于EJB组件的分布式电子商务应用系统框架；并对其中各部分所采用技术进行了分析及合理选择；最后讨论了应用服务器选取、负载均衡等关键技术问题。该系统框架具有较好的可扩展性、可重用性、开放性和兼容性。     

Statistical approach to determine the salinized ground water flow path and hydrogeochemical features around the underground LPG cavern,Korea

The ground water flow path of the coastal area in the Yellow Sea, Korea, was interpreted using both the cross‐correlation analysis of hydraulic properties and the principal component analysis (PCA) of ground water chemistry. Data was obtained from observation wells in the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern constructed in the coastal area of Pyeongtaek. Cross‐correlation results showed that the operating pressure became more influenced on artificial factors for the variation of the groundwater level of the study area (45–66% of correlation coefficient) even though its affecting area was limited to the region with fractures or faults, and also showed that the delay time from the variation of operating pressure to the fluctuation of ground water level were relatively long periods (28–31 days). Three hydrogeochemical events (encrusted cement dissolution, host rock dissolution, and seawater intrusion), which were dominantly influenced on ground water quality, could be induced from the result of PCA. Quantitative evaluation for these events using the mixed equation with principal component scores suggest that the dissolution of encrusted cement materials was the predominant factor (39·0% of the total mixed proportion) to change the chemical composition of the seepage water during the ground water flow from the observation wells to the cavern. Integration of the statistical results also imply that ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry were predominantly affected by artificial factors such as cavern operation pressure and dissolution of encrusted cement materials, which were interdependent factors on the observation wells with high cross‐correlation coefficients and pH. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

THE WAVELENGTH COMPONENT VECTORGRAM: A TOOL FOR RESOLVING TWO-COMPONENT FLUORESCENT MIXTURES

We consider the problem of resolving the total luminescence spectra of two-component mixtures.Non-negativity of the constituent spectra is commonly used as a criterion to accomplish this resolution,but its application seldom leads to unique answers. Sometimes, the condition must be relaxed because nosolution satisfying non-negativity exists. In these cases judgments must be made concerning which partsof the spectra will be allowed to go negative and by how much. The wavelength component vectorgramn (WCV) is presented here as a tool for assisting theexperimenter in making these judgments. Even when non-negative resolutions exist, it may happen thatresolutions with slight negative elements will more closely match the spectra of the pure constituents.The WCV can also be used as a tool for detecting these cases. The methodology is illustrated with realdata from a two-component mixture.     

EXAMINING LARGE DATABASES:A CHEMOMETRIC APPROACH USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Principal component analysis is used to examine large multivariate databases.The graphical approachto exploratory data analysis is described and illustrated with a single example of chemical compositiondata obtained on environmental dust particles.While the graphical approach to exploratory data analysishas certain advantages over the numerical procedures,the empirical approach described here should beviewed as complementary to the more robust treatments that statistical methodologies afford.     

GPS／GLoNASS组合定位的抗差Helmert方差分量估计模型

GPS和GLONASS存在系统差异,组合定位时,采用Helmert方差分量估计可得到更加准确的结果。但GNSS观测值常受到衍射信号和多路径效应的影响,使观测值存有粗差,从而导致Helmert方差分量估计的失真。为此,将抗差Helmert方差分量估计应用于GPS／GLONASS组合单点定位,实验结果表明：抗差Helmert方差分量估计可以有效地抑制组合系统粗差观测值的影响。     

利用HJ-1A/1BCCD数据进行黄河凌汛监测

利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据进行黄河凌汛监测,提出了基于主成分分析和决策树的冰凌提取方法。实验结果显示,利用HJ-1A/1B卫星CCD数据能有效地提取出黄河的冰凌范围,对黄河凌汛监测具有较大的应用潜力。     

镇江圌山绍隆禅寺“活地”成因

"活地"是宗教的传奇,而由于以往知识与技术的限制以及宗教圣地的"不可侵犯性","活地"也成了大自然的千年未解之谜。通过现场考察和资料调研,明晰了"活地"所在地区的地质构造特征。采用高频率表面波监测、分析技术,通过现场试验,研究了"活地"附近地表浅层岩土体分布情况。采用图像分析技术,经室内试验研究得出了"活地"及周围地区出露岩石的矿物组成。最终,对于"活地"的成因提出以下看法:1.否定了地下深层生长性岩脉诱发"活地"现象的观点;2.膨胀岩及膨胀土吸水膨胀对"活地"的隆升有一定作用,但这不是"活地"的主要诱因;3.提出"活地"是岩石风化作用及特殊地理环境综合作用结果的观点:风化作用使岩体疏松、体积增大,地面隆起;两侧山体运动对其交界处岩石产生挤压作用,为"活地"的持续隆升提供动力源。     

湿位涡诊断分析在河南台风远距离降水中的应用

应用湿位涡理论,分析了两个发生在河南的台风远距离降水个例,讨论了湿位涡与台风远距离降水形成的关系。结果表明：两个个例中,河南具有有利于强降水发生的湿位涡特征;异常暴雨的发展与湿位涡的变化有很好的对应关系：湿位涡的异常区域对应着最强的降水,对流层高层ζMPV1（湿位涡的垂直分量）正值区与低层ζMPV2负值区相互作用,即高层下滑的干冷空气与中低层由东南急流输送的高温高湿空气交汇,容易储存和释放湿对流不稳定能量,有利于强降水产生。湿位涡理论在河南台风远距离降水诊断中有很好的应用前景。     

ASTER数据在北方铝土矿预普查中的应用——以豫西渑池地区为例

ASTER数据的光谱和空间分辨率均具有一定优势,适合于中等比例尺的矿产预普查。为了探讨ASTER数据应用于铝土矿预普查的效果,通过对ASTER图像彩色合成、地质解译及异常信息提取,对豫西渑池地区的铝土矿进行了预普查试验。结果表明,在北方基岩裸露地区,应用ASTER数据圈定"赋矿影像单元"和提取铝土矿遥感找矿信息能获得较好的效果。