NUMBER OF MODES FOR THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

The effect of higher modes on the maximum response of buildings subjected to one horizontal component of earthquake ground motion is discussed with the objective of developing better design formulas for use in building design. Ideal buildings of different numbers of storeys and structural systems are defined; their dynamic properties that define higher mode contribution are identified and are shown to be representative of real buildings. Design formulas that give the required number of modes to be used in a dynamic analysis are developed from parametric studies as a function of the admissible error, the number of storeys and the relation between the fundamental period and the corner spectrum period. The recommendations are simple to use and more rational and accurate than the ones actually in use in most seismic design codes.     

成人高等教育地理信息系统专业人才培养模式研究

在成人高等教育改革中,培养模式研究是关键内容。本文提出了目前成人高等教育地理信息系统专业教育的现状和问题,分析了该专业人才的基本素质要求,并重点探讨了成人高等教育地理信息系统专业的培养模式。     

Biomarkers reveal the terrigenous organic matter enrichment in the late Oligocene-early Miocene marine shales in the Ying-Qiong Basin,South China Sea

The increase of total organic carbon content of the late Oligocene-early Miocene terrigenously-dominated marine shales in the shallower depth intervals was reported in the Ying-Qiong Basin, South China Sea. The organic enriched lower Sanya Formation shales(early Miocene) have biomarker characteristics of tropical/subtropical plants, with abundant high molecular weight n-alkanes, angiosperm-derived oleanane,rearranged oleananes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅱ, tricyclic/tetracyclic terpanes including des-A-oleanane, X, ...     

Commentaries on “Evaluating the Geographic in GIS”

In this article, four geographers who are also GIS practitioners critique “Evaluating the Geographic in GIS.” Sparked by the arguments in that article, they pose fundamental questions about how geography can best contribute to GIS practices.     

我国地理信息系统专业教材建设应用与发展

对我国GIS专业教材的基本情况做了调研,并从GIS教材的应用范围与领域、教材所适合的学生专业情况,针对学生层次等方面进行了分析,同时介绍了GIS教材的地理分布及作者所在单位的分布状况。另外对教材所存在的问题与原因进行了分析,并提出了改进的建议与意见。     

祝贺高等院校地理信息系统论坛

欣逢2006年高等院校地理信息系统论坛首次在北京胜利召开,谨此表示最热烈的祝贺!     

海啸在冲绳海槽和东海浅水大陆架地形上产生和传播的数值模拟

运用数值模拟的方法对在冲绳海槽产生9.0级地震,并引发海啸的过程和海啸波在东海浅水大陆架地形上的传播过程进行研究.模拟的结果表明,数值模拟产生的波浪符合海啸波的特点,东海浅水大陆架适合海啸波的传播.     

地震资料高阶累积量相关法砂体预测

东营凹陷西部沙四段地层叠置关系复杂,物性纵横向变化剧烈,地震反射特征差异小,给砂体识别尤其是砂体边界的识别带来了困难。针对以上问题,文中提出了基于地震信号多尺度高阶累积量的相关分析技术。在高阶统计量分析理论和小波分析理论的基础上,首先对地震记录进行高阶统计量变换计算,然后对该变换结果进行多尺度分解。为了使相关分析结果更加可靠,在对上述结果进行相关分析计算时,适当地加入了计算多尺度地震记录的包络结果。对算法从理论模型和实际资料上给出了论证,特别是在解决实际问题方面,经技术处理后,使原来较模糊甚至很弱的地震记录有了清楚的显示。在平面上,原来的地震资料中几乎不能分辨的砂体及边界得到了清晰的反映     

我国大陆高校地理信息系统教育发展与空间分异分析

地理信息系统自20世纪60年代发展以来,已在世界范周内产生深远影响。我国地理信息系统自80年代起步,在80年代中后期地理信息系统高等教育开始起步,经历二十几年的发展,在2000年前后进人发展快车道。当前我国大陆地区开展GIS教育的高校已经从最初的几所高校扩展到百余所。尽管大陆地区地理信息系统本科阶段教育已基本普及,但各地地理信息系统教育发展并不平衡,尤其是硕士、博士学位点分布集中有限几个省市区中。因此,针对当前地理信息系统教育发展局面,对制约其发展的主要影响因素进行分析,并考虑在此情形下我国大陆地区地理信息系统教育的发展趋势,有助于明确影响地理信息系统教育发展的主要凶素,更好地指导各省市区地理信息系统教育发展。     

The internal tide of the Gareloch,a Scottish Fjord

Previous observations in the Gareloch, a Scottish silled fjord, have identified yet failed to explain the baroclinic circulation pattern. Additional fieldwork was carried out in April 2005, showing the loch to be stratified with two distinct layers and currents in each layer 180° out of phase at the M₂ frequency. The currents did not display the expected sinusoidal signal that is characteristic of the tide and instead were pulsated and stronger than predicted by barotropic forcing. Fourier analysis showed that the flow was dominated by short period non-linear oscillations that were harmonics of the semi-diurnal tide. Two hydrostatic estuarine models were applied to the Gareloch: a 2D vertical model (SLICE) and a 3D model (ECOMSED). Both models were capable of reproducing the observed (2005) baroclinic circulation at the M₂ time scale but failed to simulate the higher frequency, non-linear oscillations. However, each model generated higher harmonics in idealised scenarios. Because lateral motion was negligible and SLICE was an order of magnitude more efficient than ECOMSED, the 2D model was used to simulate the higher harmonics and showed that their generation was attributed to the non-linear distortion of the internal tide. When the internal Froude number (determined by barotropic velocity, stratification and water depth) was increased from a sub-critical value, non-linear advection became more important and higher harmonics were generated. The internal tide was further modified by wave reflection and interaction off steep boundaries, and by flow over the sill.