Dynamic and equivalent static procedures for capacity design of controlled rocking steel braced frames

Controlled rocking steel braced frames (CRSBFs) have been proposed as a low‐damage seismic force resisting system with reliable self‐centring capabilities. Vertical post‐tensioning tendons are designed to self‐centre the system after rocking, and energy dissipation may be provided to limit the peak displacements. The post‐tensioning and energy dissipation can be designed using simple methods that rely primarily on the first‐mode response. However, the frame member forces are highly influenced by the higher‐mode response, resulting in more complex methods to design the frame members. This paper examines previous proposals and also proposes two new capacity design methods for CRSBFs. The first is a dynamic procedure that requires a truncated response spectrum analysis on a model of the frame with modified boundary conditions to consider the rocking behaviour. The second is an equivalent static method that does not require any modifications to the elastic frame model, instead using theory‐based lateral force distributions to consider the higher modes of the rocking structure. Neither method requires empirical calibration. The dynamic procedure is used to design two sets of CRSBFs with three, six, nine, twelve and eighteen stories, one set using a response modification factor of R = 8 and the other using up to R = 20. Based on the results of 800 nonlinear time history analyses, both methods are generally more accurate than the previous capacity design methods and at least as simple to implement. Finally, the displacement results suggest that taller CRSBFs designed using could still limit interstorey drifts to approximately 2.5% at the maximum considered earthquake level in the cases considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A cantilever beam analogy for quantifying higher mode effects in multistorey buildings

This paper examines higher mode effects in systems where the ductile mechanism for seismic design is the base moment‐rotation response. The modal properties of flexural and shear beams with uniform mass and elasticity and with a variable amount of base rotational restraint are derived. As the base fixity is released, the first mode becomes the rigid body rotation of the beam about the base, but the higher modes change much less, particularly for the shear beam model. Most response quantities that are of interest in the seismic design of typical mid‐rise buildings are controlled by the first two lateral modes, except at locations along the height where the second mode contributes little. However, the third and higher lateral modes are more significant for high‐rise buildings. Based on the theory of uniform cantilever shear beams, expressions are developed to avoid the need for a modal analysis to estimate the overturning moment, storey shear, and floor acceleration envelopes. Considering the measured response from the shake table testing of a large‐scale eight‐storey controlled rocking steel braced frame, the proposed expressions are shown to be of similar or better accuracy to a modified modal superposition technique, which combines the higher mode response from an elastic modal analysis with the response associated with achieving the maximum base overturning moment according to an inverted triangular load distribution. Because the proposed method uses only parameters that are available at the initial design stage, avoiding the analysis of a structural model, it is likely to be especially useful for preliminary design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高阶模糊地理现象建模和度量研究

模糊地理现象的建模和度量方法已经取得了一些进展,但是现有的模型不能度量隶属度的误差,不足以客观描述复杂的模糊地理现象。认为尺度效应和测量误差是客观上引起模糊地理现象隶属度误差的主要方面,相关人员的主观性和部门间标准的差异性是主观上引起隶属度误差的主要方面.基于区间II-型模糊集理论建立了模糊地理对象模型,研究了区间II-型模糊线长度、区间II-型模糊面面积的度量方法和它们隶属度误差的度量方法。该模型能表达隶属度误差,克服了现有模型的诸多缺陷。在自然灾害分析、全球变化和植被变化等方面有良好的应用前景。     

经济发展与高等教育学科结构关系的模型研究

在筛选因子与资料整理的基础上,运用定性与定量分析的方法,构筑出四川经济发展与四川高等教育学科结构关系的模型,推导出四川经济与高教两者发展的正相关关系,概括出大力发展四川高等教育的3点建议。     

中国高等地理教育改革发展的趋势与问题

通过对我国高等院校地理科学类专业及相关专业的设置情况统计，反映我国高等地理教育改革发展的四大趋势，发现我国高等地理教育改革发展的五个问题并剖析其产生的原因，提出高等地理教育改革发展的四条途径：①提高地理科学的社会认知度；②改善专业结构，扩大专业规模；③加强高等地理教育研究；④深化高等地理教育课程体系与教材改革。     

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE TOWN*

ABSTRACT. With their unusual densities of young people, highly educated workforces, comparatively cosmopolitan populations, dominant institutions of higher education, and characteristic landscapes such as the campus, fraternity row, and college‐oriented shopping district, college towns represent a unique type of urban place. This study identifies several basic differences between college towns and other types of cities, considers why the college town is largely an American phenomenon, distinguishes among types of college towns, and examines some of the characteristics that make them distinctive.     

匈牙利高等地理教育的创新及对我国的借鉴意义

从20世纪八九十年代开始，匈牙利高等地理教育也开始着手课程改革，因为它的大学也面临着课程的现代化和毕业生满足市场变化需要的问题，本文首先介绍了匈牙利高等地理教育的现状，然后，详细地分析了匈牙利高等地理教育的改革，最后对我国高等地理教育改革提出了若干建议。     

塔里木盆地原油的成因研究

对塔里木盆地原油和生油岩饱和烃进行ＧＣ－Ｃ－ＭＳ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析，利用单个正构烷烃碳同位素组成和三环萜烷分布特征进行油源对比，研究了塔里木盆地原油的油源问题；根据寒武—奥陶系富含菌藻有机质生油岩饱和烃色谱分析结果，对塔里木盆地海相原油含蜡较高的成因进行了探讨     

The Seismic Shear Demand in Ductile Cantilever Wall Systems and the EC8 Provisions

The seismic shear provisions of EC8 for ductile reinforced concrete walls, serving as the lateral load resisting system in multistorey building structures are re-examined. Two aspects are considered (1) single walls, or a system comprising a number of equal-length walls, (2) a resisting system comprising walls of different lengths. It is demonstrated, in light of recent parametric studies, that the EC8 provisions for walls in the medium- and high-ductility classes (DC-M and DC-H, respectively) are both in need of revision. Possible revisions of requirements and a design procedure for a wall system are presented.     

高等学校老校区土地资源集约利用评价研究

开展高等学校保留老校区土地资源集约利用评价研究是提高土地利用效率、促进高等教育资源有效利用和优化整合的基础。提出老校区土地资源集约利用评价的思路,即老校区土地资源集约利用评价应在对校区土地开发强度现状评价的基础上,着重进行学校主体搬迁后学校实体建筑和无形资产利用等变化的评价,采用基于层次分析法、特尔菲法和实地调研法的评价方法,构建了包括学校土地开发强度、实体建筑利用程度和综合影响力3个指标层16个评价指标的评价指标体系。为控制搬迁后老校区土地资源利用率下降,建议明确完善老校区功能定位,进行资源优化重组,提高校区综合影响力。