National and Regional Trends in “Jobs in Geography”: 1980–1993

The number of “Jobs in Geography” advertised in the AAG Newsletter for U.S. faculty positions is analyzed for the 14 academic years from 1979–80 through 1992–93. Results reveal more job opportunities in the latter half of the study period, especially for tenured/tenure track positions as opposed to temporary jobs. The share of available positions open to ranks above the Assistant Professor level is smaller in the early 1990s compared to the 1980s. A distinct decline in faculty openings occurs for 1992–1993. Considerable regional variations in the job market situation are revealed.     

Higher modes in simplified inelastic seismic analysis of single column bent viaducts

The influence of the higher modes and their consideration in the pushover analysis of reinforced concrete single column bent viaducts with different degree of irregularity is discussed. Typical multimode pushover‐based methods (modal pushover analysis, modal adaptive non‐linear static procedure and incremental response spectrum analysis) are addressed and compared with a single mode procedure (N2) and inelastic time history analysis. If in the transverse direction the substructure of the viaduct is flexible in comparison with the superstructure, the influence of higher modes is small (the structure is regular) and single mode procedure works well. This typically occurs when the columns are high or considerably damaged. Conversely, for the analysis of irregular structures having short and slightly damaged columns, the multimode methods are needed. In most cases, all the analysed multimode pushover‐based methods have given the results comparable with time history analysis, with the exception of cases where torsional sensitivity is varying during the response. All the methods have limitations (discussed in detail in the paper), which should be fully recognized by the user. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geochemical characteristics of Tertiary Sagara oil from an active forearc basin, Shizuoka, Japan

Abstract   The Sagara oil field is located in the Neogene Kakegawa Basin, close to the Izu collision zone at the junction between the main Japanese Islands and the Izu–Bonin Arc. The Sagara oil field is one of the few oil fields situated in a forearc basin on the Pacific side of Japan and is present in a sedimentary basin with poor oil-generating potential. Several crude oils from Sagara oil field were investigated to infer their origin. Organic geochemical characteristics of Sagara oils showed the influences of light biodegradation, migration-contamination, and migration-fractionation. The maturity levels of Sagara oils evaluated based on abundant alkylnaphthalenes corresponded to 0.9–1.2% vitrinite reflectance. Sagara oils were characterized by significant amounts of higher plant biomarkers, a high pristane/phytane ratio and an absence of organic sulphur compounds, suggesting a siliciclastic source rock deposited under nearshore to fluvial–deltaic environments. Numerous faults and fractures in the active forearc basin provided excellent conduits and facilitated upward migration of light hydrocarbons generated at greater depth in the Kakegawa Basin.     

Early hydrocarbon generation of biological lipids in non-marine lacustrine basins—a genetic mechanism of immature oil

Taking both eastern Linqing Depression and North Jiangsu Basin as examples, based on geochemical features of immature oils as well as source inputs of hydrocarbons and macerals, it is revealed that a mixed source input of alga bio-lipids and higher plant waxes is a basic characteristic of source material for immature oils in non-marine brackish-saline lacustrine basins. Project supported by the “85–102” Chinese National Key Science and Technology Project and the National Gas Geochemistry Key Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A Review of the Policies on the Private Colleges of China

One of the most impor tant factors impacting the development of today‘s private higher education in China is that there are not enough policies to support in.Then,the history of private higher educationin Nanjing Nationalist Government(1927-1749)is focused on.     

多源空间大数据支持下的南京高校区位优势度分析

基于城市空间大数据,综合生活、交通、环境、人口因素构建了高校区位优势度的评价指标体系,结合专家打分及熵权法对南京高校区位优势进行评估。结果表明：①南京高校综合区位优势度在空间上呈现以南京新街口地区为中心并且向四周递减的结构,区域化特征差异明显;②高校生活区位优势呈现“一超多强”且沿地铁线路分布的多核心空间格局,生活评分变化幅度与所在区域的商业辐射能力呈正相关关系,并且随着范围的扩大两极分化程度加深;③高校交通区位优势以新街口地区为中心,呈现中心评分高、四周低,并主要沿轨道交通线路分布的空间格局;④综合评价表明南京的3个大学城中,江宁大学城发展最好,其次为仙林,浦口最差,但均与主城区内高校群存在较大差距。本文评价结果可为南京市城市基础设施建设,大学城完善及新建大学城规划布局提供科学参考。     

大糙率礁面影响下珊瑚礁海岸附近规则波演化及爬高试验研究

本文通过波浪水槽试验研究了大糙率礁面影响下波浪沿礁的演化和爬高规律,测试了一系列规则波工况并对比了光滑礁面和粗糙礁面的情况。结果分析表明：二次谐波是礁坪上透射波的重要组成成分,粗糙礁面使主频波和二次谐波减小,对更高阶波的影响不显著;相对礁坪水深是描述礁坪上波浪透射的关键参数,礁面从光滑变为粗糙时海岸附近透射系数显著减小,能量衰减系数平均增大了8%,但礁前反射系数与礁面糙率之间无明显关系;礁后岸滩爬高随着透射波高的增大而增长,最后拟合了本文试验条件下珊瑚礁大糙率礁面预测规则波爬高的关系式。     

人工智能时代的测绘工程教育改革

人工智能技术发展至今,已掀起了第三次浪潮。人工智能时代的到来必将推动测绘工程教育的改革。本文从人工智能技术的发展历程出发,阐述了人工智能在测绘行业的应用现状和发展趋势,分析了人工智能对教育行业的影响,探讨了人工智能与高等教育相结合的应用前景。结合测绘工程高等教育的现状,分别从培养理念、知识结构、教学方法和创新能力4个方面构建了人工智能时代测绘工程专业的教育改革体系,为探索我国测绘工程高等教育同人工智能的深度融合提供理论参考和经验借鉴。