用神经网络方法转换GPS高程

本文提出用神经网络方法转换ＧＰＳ高程为正高或正常高,给出一种改进了的ＢＰ神经网络拓扑结构和算法,并用ＧＰＳ的实际定位资料构成４３个样本集作了在计算分析,估算的精度达到厘米级、最后用网络方法与二次多项式曲面拟合大地水准面转换ＧＰＳ高程的方法作了比较,神经网络方法的精度优于二次多项式曲面拟合法,而且精度比较稳定,对已知样本点的数量要求较少。     

Application of a Boussinesq model for the computation of breaking waves: Part 2: Wave-induced setdown and setup on a submerged coral reef

Based on a set of Boussinesq-type equations with improved linear frequency dispersion characteristics in deeper water, the present paper incorporates the simplified effect of spilling wave breaking into the equations. The analysis is restricted to a single horizontal dimension but the method can be extended to include the second horizontal dimension. Inside the surf zone the vertical variation of the horizontal velocity profile is assumed to be composed of an (initially unknown) organised velocity component below the roller and a surface roller travelling with the wave celerity. This leads to a new set of equations which is capable of simulating the transformation of waves before, during and after wave breaking. The model is calibrated and verified by comparison with several wave flume measurements. The results show that the model produces sound physical results.     

Age and height of last highest lake levels on theTibetan Plateau and their enveironmentalsignificance

Thefluctuahonoflakelet'elsmaywellreflectthevariahonsofthetotalwaterbalanceinthelakebasins.ac,hichcanulteriorlyexplaintilechangesoflocalprecipitationandevaporahon.Theappearanceoftheunitivehighlakelevelinacertainareawasdolnillatedbyhleclimahcchange,asonlythetemperatureandprecipitahonmad'determinethewaterbalanceinmacroscale.TheTibetsPlateauisthebiggestlakedistributedareainChina,inwhichfluctuahonoflakelevelsisoneoftheimportantindicatorstothex'ariationsofaridityandhullildity(FigUrel).Itisoneofthe…     

巢湖快速变化风浪场及其环境效应

浅水湖泊风浪过程对于湖泊生态系统具有重要的意义.基于巢湖风场、风浪和水环境参数同步高频观测结果,详细分析了快速变化风场下的风浪快速变化特征及其对湖泊水环境的影响特征.浅水湖泊风浪的有效波高和平均波周期均随风速的快速变化有较好的同步响应规律.在风速快速衰减阶段,相较有效波高,波周期有更好的稳定性.湖泊水体pH、水温、溶解氧会快速响应风浪的变化,随着风浪强度增强,对水体浊度、总磷浓度以及藻密度和生物量的扰动影响逐渐呈现.强烈的风浪扰动引起水体浊度变化的滞后时间可达3 d.快速变化的风浪场下,风浪的强烈扰动会改变水体固有的理化参数分布特征,扰动藻类常规的水体分布规律,风浪强度是造成差异的主要因子.     

近30年青藏高原臭氧总量亏损的可能原因及其与对流层顶高度的联系

基于总臭氧测绘光谱计TOMS和太阳向后紫外线散射仪SBUV结合得到的30年(1979-2008年)全球月平均臭氧总量资料,首先分析了近30年青藏高原(下称高原)上空臭氧总量的下降趋势,然后讨论了高原动力抬升作用对臭氧总量的影响,最后探讨了高原臭氧总量亏损与高原对流层顶高度的联系。结果表明,高原臭氧总量及其下降趋势均存在着明显的季节差异,与同纬度非高原区相比,高原地区各月的臭氧总量均偏低,特别是在3-9月臭氧亏损严重;近30年高原地区臭氧总量在各季节均呈现出下降趋势,除了秋季外,其下降幅度均超过同纬度其他地区;春、夏季高原动力抬升有利于对流层低浓度的臭氧含量向平流层输送,从而导致高原臭氧总量的减少。近30年春、夏季高原臭氧总量亏损与夏季高原第二对流层顶高度的抬升存在着密切关系。     

莱州湾沿岸典型验潮站垂直基准一致性研究

莱州湾具有典型的大陆架结构,潮汐性质复杂。本研究根据莱州湾沿岸4处典型验潮站的多年数据计算了各站深度基准面值及保证率,并与相关涉海部门现采用值进行了比对分析。结果表明：个别验潮站计算值与相关涉海单位采用的深度基准面值有明显差异。本文就此进行了分析并提出了合理性建议。4处验潮站周边均埋设了高等级水准点,通过历年实施的高等级水准联测来监测各站高程基准点变化量,计算结果可用以维持区域垂直基准,为今后莱州湾港口建设、航道施工、水深测量、船舶通航及信息发布等提供更加准确的基础资料。     

皱纹盘鲍苗车间越冬技术的研究

皱纹盘鲍( Haliotis discus hannai)鲍苗车间越冬育成,水温保持在 14 ℃± 0.5 ℃ ,饵料采用鲜嫩海带,密度 1 000头 /m2(壳高 19.0 mm),采用"陆地工厂化养殖海水净化与高效循环利用技术",日水交换量 10个量程以上,越冬育成 4个月,鲍苗平均成活率 99.0%,平均壳高 31.2 mm.     

High-resolution magnetostratigraphy and micropalaeontology across the J/K boundary strata at Brodno near ilina, western Slovakia: summary of results

This study summarizes the final results of magnetostratigraphic and micropalaeontological investigations of the Tithonian/Berriasian boundary (J/K) limestones at the locality of Brodno near ilina, Western Carpathians, West Slovakia. The aim is to prepare the background for correlation of a Late Tithonian and Early Berriasian biostratigraphic zonation with global magnetoevents (manifested in detailed magnetostratigraphic profiles) between the Tethyan realm and other regions, particularly the Boreal and Pacific realms. Suitable physical properties of the limestones studied, a favourable geological setting and rich microfossil assemblages (calpionellids) at Brodno (magnetozones M21r to M18r) allowed a systematic collection of new data on the original synoptic section, which now has the character of a high-resolution profile across the J/K boundary. Two reverse subzones detected within magnetozones M20n and M19n are named ‘Kysuca Subzone’ and ‘Brodno Subzone’, respectively. Both can be correlated with analogous subzones in the M-sequence of marine anomalies. Their existence can also be confirmed in the Bosso Valley section in Umbria, central Italy. A detailed study of the interval between magnetozones M20n and M17r in the Bosso Valley profile is presently in its final stage. Both magnetostratigraphic profiles, from the Brodno and Bosso Valley localities, were thoroughly investigated in the intervals close to the J/K boundary and are still unique among continent-based profiles in the detection and precise definition of both reverse subzones within M20n and M19n. Samples collected from the boundary strata of the reverse Kysuca Subzone at Brodno indicated a transition from N (R) to R (N) polarity of the Earth's palaeomagnetic field within a time interval of c. ±5 ka. Limestone samples (total number N=368) were subjected to progressive thermal demagnetization in 10–12 thermal fields and to subsequent multi-component analysis of remanence. The C-component, as the carrier of palaeomagnetic directions, was determined in the temperature interval of 300° to 540°, or possibly 580°C. Magnetomineralogical analyses of pilot samples and unblocking temperatures determined for all samples showed that magnetite is the carrier of remanent magnetization. The positions of the individual events of calpionellid stratigraphy relative to the global magnetic polarity timescale are precisely defined. The base of the Calpionella Standard Zone, which is considered a provisional J/K boundary indicator in ammonite-free sections in the Tethyan realm, lies within magnetozone M19n at the level of 35% of its local thickness. None of the boundaries in the calpionellid zonation coincides precisely with any of those in the palaeomagnetic zonation, but the first appearance ofCalpionella grandalpina , indicating the base of the Intermedia Subzone, lies in close proximity to the base of magnetozone M19r.     

Assessment of FY-4A and Himawari-8 Cloud Top Height Retrievalthrough Comparison with Ground-Based MillimeterRadar at Sites in Tibet and Beijing

正1Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China     

Design weight of armour stone considering the effect of extreme waves

In this study, waves with the heights higher than H_1/3 in an irregular wave train are called as extreme waves and defined with the help of extreme wave parameter, α_extreme. In order to see the effect of extreme waves on the design weight of armour stone, stability analysis is carried out based on the hydraulic model test results. The test results of high α_extreme cases (HE) and low α_extreme cases (LE) are compared with currently used van der Meer's formulae with permeability factor P=0.4 and 0.45 and Hudson formula by using H_1/3 and H_1/10 in terms of the design weight of armour stone. As a result of the comparison, it is found that Hudson formula by using H_1/3 underestimates the necessary armour weight. Usage of H_1/10 instead of H_1/3 in Hudson formula doubles the weight which seems overestimated when Irribaren number is away from the transition zone in which both wave run-up and run-down forces become effective. However, it seems underestimated near the transition zone where experiment case HE gives higher armour weights. When the design weight of armour stone is calculated by van der Meer's formulae with P=0.4, it may be necessary to increase the weight up to 30% in the case of high extreme waves. On the other hand, van der Meer's formulae may overestimate the weight 14% when the extreme waves are low.