SURE算法在核磁共振信号去噪中的实现

核磁共振产生的回波信号幅度比较低,容易受到噪声干扰.如何有效提高低场核磁共振回波信号的信噪比一直是核磁共振技术研究的关键课题之一.本文讨论了一种基于小波变换的Stein无偏风险估计(SURE)算法,从相关系数图版中确定尺度因子和分解层次,依据噪声在不同分解层次上的差异取不同的阈值对回波信号去噪.该算法与传统的模极大值法和空域相关法相比,能获得更高的信噪比,为储层流体分析提供更准确的孔隙度信息.     

Resonance conditions

Non‐linear parametric resonances occur frequently in nature. Here we summarize how they can be studied by means of perturbative methods. We show in particular how resonances can affect the motion of a test particle orbiting in the vicinity of a compact object. These mathematical toy‐models .nd application in explaining the structure of the observed kHz Quasi‐Periodic Oscillations: we show which aspects of the reality naturally enter in the theory, and which one still remain a puzzle. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩孔喉结构与油藏物性表征

基于高压压汞和核磁共振测试方法,结合分形理论对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩孔喉结构与油藏物性进行了表征。采用毛管束模型和润湿相模型计算了高压压汞孔喉分形维数,利用核磁共振测试T₂谱分别计算了大孔、中孔、小孔以及总孔隙的分形维数;对各分形维数与油藏物性之间的关系进行了对比分析。研究表明：基于高压压汞曲线计算岩心分形维数时,相比于润湿相模型,毛管束模型计算得到的分形维数与油藏物性之间具有更好的相关性,随着分形维数增加,平均半径减小,孔喉结构非均质性增强,油藏物性变差。核磁总孔隙分形维数与油藏物性相关性较差,大孔和中孔的分形维数与油藏物性具有较好的相关性,其中随着大孔和中孔分形维数增加,岩心渗透率降低,油藏物性变差;与小孔相比,大孔和中孔的分形维数与油藏物性的相关性更强,表明致密砂岩储层物性主要受大孔和中孔控制,分形维数可以有效表征致密砂岩小孔、中孔和大孔对油藏物性的影响。     

储层中固体沥青研究现状、地质意义及其发展趋势

固体沥青包含了油气形成与演化等重要信息,其研究对油气勘探与开发具有重要的指导作用。综合国内外众多学者的研究,阐述了固体沥青的定义、成因与分类、反射率、对储层物性的影响及测井识别。固体沥青成因类型多样,归纳起来主要包括热成因和冷变质成因两大类。固体沥青反射率可以作为成熟度评价的有效参数,但需结合实际地质情况合理选择转换关系式。固体沥青充填在储集层孔隙空间中,堵塞孔隙喉道：一方面造成储集层的严重损害,导致油藏分布不均;另一方面作为封堵带,有利于油气的保存,形成隐蔽油气藏。固体沥青在核磁共振上具有独特的响应特征,利用核磁共振T₁/T₂值、中子-密度交会、密度孔隙度与气测孔隙度差值以及纵波时差-电阻率交会可以有效识别固体沥青。对于固体沥青后续研究,固体沥青结构、性质与固体沥青反射率的关系,以及如何使用测井参数定量标定固体沥青体积分数,是未来固体沥青在储层评价和油气开发研究的热点和难点。     

地图学认知实验方法研究

地图学认知实验研究在近半个世纪的发展中经历了衰败与复兴,其研究内容从相对初级的视觉感受研究发展到高级的认知任务研究,研究方法从富有争议的心物学实验方法发展到眼动实验法、出声思维法、功能性磁共振脑成像方法,直至把行为实验、眼动实验及脑认知成像相结合的组合实验方法。地图学认知实验已通过更加科学严谨的方法研究地图学产品的设计和应用过程,且更加深入地研究地图学中人的因素,为实现地图学产品的人性化、智能化提供建设性的指导原则。本文总结了地图学认知实验的方法及部分应用实例,指出行为实验、眼动实验及脑认知成像相结合的组合实验方法可能是今后研究的方向。     

Effects of hypoxia in the gills of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum using NMR-based metabolomics

Coastal hypoxia affects the survival, behavior, and reproduction of individual local marine organisms, and the abundance, biomass, and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the chronic effects of hypoxia on the metabolomics in the gills of Ruditapes (R.) philippinarum. The results indicated significant alterations in the metabolite profiles in the gills of the hypoxia-treated clams, in comparison with those maintained under normoxia. The levels of betaine, taurine, glycine, isoleucine, and alanine were significantly reduced, suggesting a disturbance of osmotic balance associated with hypoxia. Meanwhile, metabolites involved in energy metabolism, such as alanine and succinate, were also affected. Dramatic histopathological changes were observed in the gills and hepatopancreases of R. philippinarum grown in hypoxic waters, demonstrating tissue damages apparently caused by long-term exposure to hypoxia. Our findings suggest that hypoxia significantly affects the physiology of R. philippinarum, even at a sub-lethal level, and impedes health of the clams.     

CT及MRI对Grynfelt-Lesshaft’s疝的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT、MRI在Grynfelt-Lesshaft's疝诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年8月至2016年12月我院经手术或临床随访证实的28例Grynfelt-Lesshaft疝的临床及影像学资料。28例全部行多层螺旋CT检查,3例同时行MRI检查。结果:28例中,男20例,女8例,年龄44~80岁(平均(69.0±3.5)岁)。单侧16例(右侧12例,左侧4例),双侧12例。CT及MRI上表现疝位于Grynfelt-Lesshaft三角(腰上三角)薄弱区:第11或12肋下缘下,腹内斜肌内缘内侧,竖脊肌、腰方肌的外缘,底部为腹横肌腱膜形成,顶部为背阔肌。腹腔、腹膜后组织经该薄弱区向腰背部皮下突出形成类圆形或烧瓶样肿块。本组疝入缺损三角区内容物多为脂肪组织或合并系膜,疝出内容物的大小与疝环多不成比例。疝环直径大小约1.5~8.7 cm,疝囊大小1.6 cm×1.3 cm~9.2 cm×5.4 cm。CT及MRI影像学上易于与侧后腹壁疝、侧后腹壁膨出或假性疝、脂肪瘤等软组织肿瘤、血肿和脓肿等鉴别。结论:CT及MRI能清晰显示Grynfelt-Lesshaft疝疝环的大小、疝内容物、可能的并发症、周围腹壁肌群薄弱及缺损程度,可明确诊断及进一步排除其他病变,值得应用。      

急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的影像学表现

目的:分析急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的影像学表现特点。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年10月2017年1月经临床证实的8例急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征患者的临床和影像学资料。全部患者均于发病24 h内完成首次颅脑CT检查,5 d内完成首次颅脑MRI检查,3例有MRA检查资料。结果:首次CT检查病灶不明显3例,4例双侧中线旁丘脑可疑或小灶性低密度灶,1例双侧中线旁丘脑明确的较为对称性低密度灶。MRI均显示双侧中线旁丘脑较为对称性分布的蝶形T1WI低或略低、T2WI高或略高信号、FLAIR高或略高信号及DWI上为高信号、ADC低信号,其中以DWI高信号为特征。影像学随访中病灶进展4例。4例病程中可见中脑“V”字型梗死。3例MRA均可见单侧或双侧大脑后动脉及其分支狭窄。结论:影像学检查手段尤其是MRI,对急性双侧中线旁丘脑梗死综合征的早期诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。      

EPR investigation of the role of germanium centers in the production of the 110°C thermoluminescence peak in quartz

The identification of the center acting as electron source for the well-known 110 °C thermoluminescence (TL) peak of quartz is of fundamental importance for practical applications in dating and dosimetry. This TL peak was studied in parallel with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of the [GeO₄]⁻ center on natural colourless quartz irradiated at room temperature. Immediately after irradiation, the signals of the 110 °C TL peak and of [GeO₄]⁻ center decay exponentially in the same way, yielding a lifetime of 50.4 ± 0.9 min at room temperature. Besides, we acquired the isothermal decay curves for the 110 °C TL peak and [GeO₄]⁻ center at different temperatures (the samples were held at the selected temperature in the range of 260–308 K). The lifetimes extracted by the isothermal decays were plotted as a function of reciprocal temperature, revealing again the same behavior of the 110 °C TL peak and [GeO₄]⁻ center, both characterized by activation energies very close of 0.76 ± 0.07 eV and 0.77 ± 0.07 eV, respectively. All results of the present work clearly show the role of electron source of [GeO₄]⁻ center in the emission mechanism of the 110 °C TL peak in quartz.     

萧山-球川断裂富阳—建德段第四纪活动性研究

萧山-球川断裂是浙江地区1条大规模的北东向断裂,在该断裂附近曾发生过多次破坏性地震。本文通过地质调查、电法勘探和探槽开挖等方法,对萧山-球川断裂富阳—建德段第四纪活动性进行了研究。萧山-球川断裂富阳—建德段的遥感影像线性特征清楚,对地貌的控制作用较为明显,对山前的第四系发育有明显影响。通过对断裂露头剖面的分析,认为萧山-球川断裂富阳—建德段活动性质以走滑兼具逆冲为主。通过本次开挖的富阳峙山村探槽,结合ESR年龄测定,判定该断裂在第四纪早、中期有过活动,但未断错上覆中更新统上部地层,其最新活动时代为早、中更新世。