基于不等式约束的磁共振信号T2谱多指数分解法及算法改进

磁共振地下水探测信号的弛豫时间T₂和振幅与地下岩石孔隙大小和地下水的含水量直接相关。目前,磁共振地下水探测方法中,信号的衰减特性由平均弛豫时间T^*₂来描述。然而,对于复杂的多孔介质组成的岩石结构,仅由T^*₂无法准确描述地下孔隙情况。详细研究了基于不等式约束的多指数分解法,进行了信号T₂谱的提取,并重新计算多指数形式下的信号初始振幅。结果表明：对比信号在不同采集时间下的T₂谱提取结果,延长信号的采集时间有助于T₂谱的准确提取;通过磁共振仿真信号计算并分析不同信噪比下的T₂谱提取结果,信噪比大于30 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%;进行算法改进,得到信噪比大于10 dB时相对误差平均值小于5%的结果,且幅值和T₂的相对误差平均值降低了约1/3。由此可知:采用多指数分解法能够获得磁共振信号的T₂谱,正则化技术和加权修正能够提高T₂谱的准确度和抗干扰能力;与单指数方式相比,采用多指数拟合能够更准确地恢复信号初始振幅。     

弥散磁共振成像研究进展

对弥散磁共振成像的核心内容——使用不同强度和方向的弥散信息对完整弥散过程进行三维建模进行介绍.首先根据模型可描述纤维数量将其分为低角度分辨率和高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像2类,然后根据建模所用弥散采样选择方式将高角度分辨率弥散磁共振成像分为多弥散角度方向模型、多弥散强度模型和综合弥散角度方向和强度模型3类并进行介绍,并对每个具体模型分别从模型设计、模型计算和模型优缺点3个角度进行分析.     

基于参考线圈和变步长自适应的磁共振信号噪声压制方法

核磁共振地下水探测仪的灵敏度高,接收到的纳伏级磁共振探测信号极易受到强工频谐波噪声的干扰,导致信号特征参数提取的准确度降低,影响反演解释的水文地质参数结果.为了解决这一难题,基于相关抵消的原理,针对全波磁共振信号,设计带有参考线圈的90°移相自适应噪声抵消系统,理论计算了参考线圈相对于探测线圈的距离,提出变步长LMS算法进行噪声压制.仿真结果表明,在不同的信号强度及不同的信噪比下,当信号与工频谐波干扰频谱不重合时,采用设计的自适应噪声抵消系统和变步长算法,信噪比可以提高到5.94 dB以上,初始振幅、弛豫时间特征参数的拟合误差在2.8%以内;当信号与工频谐波干扰频谱重合时,采用双向自适应滤波算法,信噪比可以达到5dB以上,初始振幅、弛豫时间特征参数的拟合误差在10%以内,可以满足实际应用的要求;实测数据处理进一步证明了方法的有效性.     

头颈部结外淋巴瘤的影像诊断

目的:探讨头颈部结外淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现及临床病理特点。方法:回顾性对照分析51例经外科手术或病理证实的头颈部结外淋巴瘤患者的临床病理及CT、MRI影像资料,评价头颈部结外淋巴瘤的影像及临床病理特点。结果:51例全部为非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL),其中来源于B细胞32例(62.75%),T细胞19例(37.25%)。原发部位最常见于鼻腔及咽环,其中鼻腔23例(45.10%),咽环(Waldeyer环)20例(39.22%),其余部位共8例(15.69%),包括眼眶3例,喉部、甲状腺各2例,腮腺1例。18例(35.29%)伴淋巴结转移。根据肿瘤形态分为3型,其中单发肿块型31例(60.78%),弥漫肿胀型17例(33.33%),溃疡坏死型3例(5.89%)。结论:头颈部结外淋巴瘤的临床病理及CT、MRI影像表现有一定特征性,影像检查可以显示病变形态、范围及淋巴结转移,结合临床特点对头颈部结外淋巴瘤的诊断、分期及指导治疗有一定价值。     

青少年胫骨结节撕脱性骨折影像学诊断

目的：探讨急性青少年胫骨结节撕脱性骨折的影像学诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术证实的6例（都为男性）急性青少年胫骨结节撕脱性骨折患者资料,其中2例右侧,4例左侧。除1例为跌倒致伤外,其余5例为运动损伤。X线平片检查6例,CT平扫2例,MRI平扫3例。结果：X线平片表现,根据Ogden’s分型,1例ⅠB型,1例ⅡA型、2...     

A Comprehensive Method for Fractionating Soil Organic Matter Not Protected and Protected from Decomposition by Physical and Chemical Mechanisms

The objective of this work was to describe a method for isolating meaningful and measurable soil organic matter (SOM) pools that differ in the mechanisms by which they are protected from decomposition. The proposed method is appropriate for soil C stabilization and sequestration studies. Unlike previous fractionation schemes, this procedure allows free SOM located between aggregates (unprotected C pool) and SOM occluded within both macroaggregates and microaggregates (C weakly and strongly protected by physical mechanisms, respectively) to be recovered separately, freed from the soil mineral matrix and the mineral‐associated SOM pool (C pool protected by chemical mechanisms) and thus well suited to advanced chemical characterization by ¹³C‐NMR. Briefly, free SOM is isolated by an initial density separation. Stable macroaggregates are broken up into stable microaggregates and intra‐macroaggregate SOM, which is then separated by density. Finally, intra‐microaggregate SOM is isolated from mineral‐associated SOM by a third density separation after ultrasonic disruption. The SOM dissolved during the fractionation procedure is also recovered. Results obtained on soil samples with contrasting textures suggested that clay content induces a decrease of the proportion of free organic C and an increase of mineral‐associated organic C content. Free SOM is characterized by a marked presence of undecayed organic material and biologically labile substances, such as carbohydrates and proteins. In contrast, SOM occluded within aggregates, especially within microaggregates, represents a more decomposed fraction, relatively enriched in unsubstituted‐aliphatic material, most probably lipid biopolymers.     

肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤的影像表现

目的:探讨肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤的影像学特点。方法:收集经手术病理证实的12例肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤,回顾性分析其X线、CT及MRI表现。结果:12例肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤(男性6例,女性6例)。12例肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤位于肋骨前缘肋软骨连接处7例,位于肋骨头近胸椎处4例,肋骨腋段1例。X线检查均表现为境界清楚/密度均匀的胸部肿块(左侧7例,右侧5例),邻近肋骨骨质结构变模糊。CT平扫病变处均呈溶骨性、膨胀性骨质破坏,局部软组织肿块边缘清晰伴有条状、结节状及环状钙化。CT增强扫描病变(11例)强化不明显,邻近椎体和附件表现为骨质侵蚀破坏。10例肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤接受了MRI检查,病变均表现为边界清楚的长T1、长T2混杂信号肿块,增强后不均匀环状强化。结论:钙化为肋骨原发性软骨肉瘤的特征性表现,边界清楚的软组织肿块为重要征象,环状强化为其增强CT/MRI表现特点,完善影像学检查,能明显提高诊断的准确性,指导临床手术。      

On the interest of using the multiple center approach in ESR dating of optically bleached quartz grains: Some examples from the Early Pleistocene terraces of the Alcanadre River (Ebro basin,Spain)

The present work reports the first numerical ages obtained for the two highest fluvial terraces (Qt1 and Qt2) of the Alcanadre River system (Northeastern Spain) representing the earliest remnants of Quaternary morphosedimentary fluvial activity in the Ebro basin. ESR dating method was applied to optically bleached quartz grains and both the Al and Ti centers were measured, in accordance with the Multiple Center approach. The results are overall in good agreement with the existing preliminary chronostratigraphic framework and our interpretation indicate that terraces Qt1 and Qt2 have an ESR age of 1276 ± 104 ka and 817 ± 68 ka, respectively. These data provide some chronological insights on the beginning of the fluvial sedimentary processes in a scenario of incision maintained over Quaternary in the Ebro Basin. These are among the first numerical ages obtained for such high terraces in the Iberian Peninsula.Our results demonstrate the interest of using the Multiple Center approach in ESR dating of quartz, since the two centers provide complementary information, i.e. an independent dose control. The overall apparent consistency between the ESR age estimates and the existing preliminary chronostratigraphic framework may be considered as an empirical evidence that the Ti–Li center may actually work for Early Pleistocene deposits, whereas the Ti–H center shows some clear limitations instead. Finally, these results demonstrate the interest of using ESR method to date Early Pleistocene fluvial terraces that are usually beyond the time range covered by the OSL dating method.     

海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析

应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。     

全下肢动脉磁共振血管成像技术的临床应用

目的:探讨对比剂增强三维磁共振血管成像技术显示下肢动脉病变的价值。方法:对43例有症状患者进行盆腔和全下肢动脉3DCE-MRA检查,再利用后处理软件对原始图像进行减影、最大信号强度投影重组和三段对接,获得不同角度的全下肢血管树结构。结果:42例患者顺利完成检查和后处理编辑,动脉血管显示清晰,图像质量符合诊断要求,检查成功率98%。1例因病情较重,不能坚持平卧和静止不动,未能完成检查。结论:三维磁共振血管成像技术全下肢动脉血管成像可为临床诊断和处置周围动脉闭塞性疾病提供有用的影像信息。