土层应力历史确定方法的研究

本文通过粘土压缩的弹塑性模型,建立了不排水强度与超固结比的关系。针对海洋土在目前取样技术条件下受到较大扰动的现状,选择了受扰动影响相对较小的不排水强度推求先期固结压力。该法主要步骤为(1)临界状态孔压系数∧。的确定;(2)原位不排水强度的推算。通过南海东部某海域的原状土样和实验室制备的重构土样试验结果验证,此法确定的先期固结压力,与传统的方法进行比较,表明结果比较一致。     

Symmetric Stability of Rotation and Boussinesq Fluid in Bounded Domain by Using Normal Mode Method

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Rill erosion along the thalweg of a hillslope hollow: A case study from the cotswold hills,Central England

Rill erosion is an important erosional form on agricultural soils in England, causing large losses of soil, particularly on cultivated slopes. This paper describes a rill system that developed in a small agricultural catchment in north Oxfordshire during the winter of 1992–93. The rill system comprised two components: a system of ‘feeder rills’ along the valley-side slopes, which were the result of flow concentration and erosion along wheelings, and a thalweg rill, which formed along a dry valley bottom as a result of surface runoff concentration from the feeder rills. Total volumetric soil loss from the rill system was 32·28 m³, equivalent to 3·01 m³, ha^?1 for the rill catchment area, or 3·91 t ha^?1. Mean discharge for the thalweg rill and feeder rills, calculated during a storm event, was 31·101s^?1 and 1·171s^?1, respectively. All flows were fully turbulent and supercritical. We emphasize the need for a spatially distributed approach to the study of runoff and erosion at the catchment scale.     

茶卡盐湖溶洞水平均上渗速率的计算─箱状模型的应用

应用箱状模型的理论，建立了茶卡盐湖及其外围水系的箱状模型，在测定茶卡盐湖丰水季节和枯水季节卤水的水量及流入湖区河水、泉水的流量的基础上，计算了茶卡盐湖溶洞水上渗补给湖水的平均速率，得到了满意的结果。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅴ Ⅱ盐湖卤水酸化过程中硼酸生长速率

本文提出了一种用激光散射跟踪溶液中粒子粒度在不同时间的分布，求取粒子生长速率的简便而可行的方法，得到了大柴旦盐湖卤水在硫酸酸化过程中硼酸晶体的生长速率，并提出解决酸法提础工艺中所得硼酸晶体粒度太小的方法。     

卤水比蒸发系数的数学模型—石盐析出阶段和光卤石析出阶段

本文在察尔汗盐湖卤水不同浓缩阶段比蒸发实验的基础上,比较系统地处理了该实验的数据,建立了在石盐析出阶段和光卤石析出阶段卤水比蒸发系数的数学模型,给出了与卤水密度和大气相对湿度相关的经验方程式。     

Rates of tafoni weathering on uplifted shore platforms in Nojima-Zaki,Boso Peninsula,Japan

Many tafoni occur on the faces of marine cliffs on three uplifted shore platforms with different altitudes and with known ages of emergence. The mean value of the ten largest depths of tafoni, D (cm), was obtained and the period of their formation, t (years), was estimated. The relationship between the two variables was found to be D = 20·3 × (1?e^?0.005t).     

太阳紫外光谱及NO2光解系数的观测

本文讨论了利用自动太阳光谱仪测量地面的紫外辐射光谱,并进一步计算了NO_2的光分解系数.光谱测量范围为310—375nm.测量结果表明,在北京地区秋季NO_2的光解系数变化在(1—4)×10~(-3)S~(-1),有明显的日变化.     

从熵原理得出的雨量时程方程

本文从熵极大原理出发导出了在一次降水过程中降水强度与其历时为负指数关系。并从中引出几个实用方程。这一结果与Paulhus等给出的经验方程在函数形状上类似。 本文通过对400多次遍及中国各地的降水自记记录分析证实,此理论公式与实况的平均相对偏差为10.7％,比Paulhus等的公式相对偏差小了5％。 此结果可用于暴雨、防洪服务和水利工程设计中。这启示人们熵极大原理在气象水文领域有应用潜力。