煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展的思考与探讨

煤炭地质勘查工作关系国家能源安全,在国民经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。伴随煤炭行业绿色转型和新能源革命新形势,及时调整产业结构,向大地质、大资源、大生态方向拓展服务领域,为国家生态文明建设和煤炭产业绿色安全高效发展提供坚实的地质技术保障,成为煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展必然趋势和未来发展方向。结合煤田地质勘查工作发展历程及现状、发展趋势,对煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展方向进行深入剖析和探讨。     

长江经济带土壤质量评价及产地适宜性初步研究

开展土壤质量评价对科学划定永久基本农田及统筹优化农业生产布局具有重要指导意义。本文采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、分级法、累积频率法和综合判定法,参照《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(试行)(GB 15618—2018)和《绿色食品产地环境质量》(NY/T 391—2013),对长江经济带土壤重金属污染、酸碱度、有益元素丰缺和绿色农产品产地适宜性进行评价。研究区土壤质量总体良好,清洁土壤面积34.84万km²,其重金属含量继承了自然背景特征; 三级及以下土壤面积6.94万km²,呈斑块及星点状分布于赣东北、赣南、湖南长沙—郴州一带、沿江及贵阳、昆明等地,其重金属为自然富集或受矿业开发、煤炭和石油的燃烧及工业“三废”排放的影响。酸性土壤面积33.56万km²,分布于江西、湖南、宁波—台州沿海和金华衢州盆地,碱性土壤面积15.69万km²,分布于苏北平原、环洞庭湖、成都平原以及沿长江一线,其土壤酸碱度与土壤类型有关。土壤有益元素丰缺与第四系沉积物成土母质有关,土壤有益元素适量及以上区域面积34.44万km²,分布于四川阿坝、成都盆地、环洞庭湖、环鄱阳湖、安徽沿江、苏北沿海和杭嘉湖平原; 土壤有益元素缺乏区面积13.89万km²,分布于赣南、江淮、鄂东北以及云南玉溪等地。绿色农产品产地最适宜区、适宜区和不适宜区面积分别为22.49万km²、18.78万km²和18.28万km²。依据区内绿色农产品产地适宜性、土壤环境质量和立地条件划分出7片永久农田保护建议区。     

西藏多龙矿区生态环境遥感调查研究

本文依托项目《西藏多龙矿床技术经济与环境综合评价》,利用高分二号、资源三号及landsat8等多源遥感数据对西藏多龙矿区生态地质环境进行调查研究。通过遥感技术与实地调查结合,查明了矿区生态地质环境现状,取得了涵盖人类活动、矿山地质活动、河流湖泊现状、植被覆盖与荒漠化情况等内容的专题成果。研究结果表明,砂金矿开采及尾矿堆积物给当地生态环境造成不可逆破坏,同时探槽、钻孔及地表金属污染等也给生态环境带来一定程度的影响。通过对目前中国矿储量第一的多龙铜多金属矿床进行开发前全面、综合的生态地质环境调查研究,能够为藏北矿山开发对生态地质环境的影响评估提供科学依据,为西藏多龙矿区建设绿色矿山和绿色开发提供建议及决策依据。     

丹东绿玉石的宝玉石学特征研究

通过偏光显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱、微量元素测试等对丹东绿玉石样品进行了常规矿物学、谱学特征研究。结果表明,丹东绿玉石是以蛇纹石为主要矿物,镁橄榄石、白云石、水镁石、绿泥石、伊利石为次要矿物的蛇纹石化镁橄榄石矽卡岩。     

Effects of climate and land-use change on green-water variations in the Middle Yellow River,China

Abstract

Water resources management should cover both blue water and green water. For green-water management at the river drainage basin scale, the green-water coefficient (C _gw) is adopted, defined as the ratio of annual green water to annual precipitation. Based on data from the Middle Yellow River basin, China, for the period 1950 to 2007, we studied the temporal variation in C _gw in response to some influencing factors. A decreasing trend in C _gw was found. The influence of changes in land management on C _gw, reflected by an increase in the area (A _sw) of soil and water conservation measures, is emphasized. Using multiple regression analysis, the contributions of A _sw and the 5-year moving averages of annual precipitation and air temperature were estimated as 51, 37 and 12%, respectively. The results may provide useful information for better management of water resources, including green and blue water flows in the Yellow River basin.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Gerten

Citation Xu, J.-X., 2013. Effects of climate and land-use change on green-water variations in the Middle Yellow River, China. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (1), 1–12.     

绿片岩-低角闪岩相变质条件下磁铁铁矿与黄铁矿间的Fe同位素分馏

对辽宁省鞍山一本溪地区经历了绿片岩一低角闪岩相变质的新太古代条带状铁建造中磁铁矿和黄铁矿矿物对的Fe同位素分析结果显示:相对于标准IRMM-014,所有样品的磁铁矿和黄铁矿均显示Fe的重同位素富集;且黄铁矿的Fe同位素比值均大于磁铁矿的Fe同位素比值(ε57Fe黄铁矿ε57Fe磁铁矿),两种矿物的Fe同位素比值之差为△57Fe黄铁矿-磁铁矿=2.23～5.13.黄铁矿富集铁的重同位素表明矿物的Fe同位素组成并不代表其原始沉积的特征,而是在区域变质作用过程中Fe同位素发生了交换的结果.由同位素平衡判别图解可知,在绿片岩一低角闪岩相变质作用中,磁铁矿-黄铁矿间的Fe同位素基本达到了平衡,且在平衡条件下黄铁矿比磁铁矿更富集Fe的重同位素,二者之间的Fe同位素平衡分馏系数α黄铁矿-磁铁矿≈1.000 4‰±0.06‰(2σ).这一研究成果是对变质作用过程中Fe同位素的地球化学行为认识的重要进展.     

新疆阿尔泰伟晶岩中绿柱石拉曼光谱特征研究——以可可托海3号脉与阿祖拜328、528号脉为例

本文对新疆可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中的绿柱石与阿祖拜328、528号伟晶岩脉中的宝石级绿柱石开展拉曼光谱对比研究,获得以下主要结论: ① 阿祖拜328、528号伟晶岩脉中宝石级绿柱石以富含Ⅰ型H₂O为特征,可可托海3号脉早期形成的结构带(Ⅰ-Ⅱ带)中绿柱石以及相对富H₂O岩浆体系中形成的绿柱石(Ⅳ带)以存在Ⅰ型H₂O为主,演化程度相对较高,岩浆体系中结晶的结构带(Ⅲ带)以及岩浆-热液过渡阶段体系形成的结构带(Ⅴ带)中绿柱石以含有Ⅱ型H₂O为特征; ② 在可可托海3号脉以及阿祖拜328号、528号脉绿柱石矿物中均发现冰晶石矿物包体,指示伟晶岩岩浆含有较高的F含量;③ 绿柱石通道水类型(Ⅰ型H₂O、Ⅱ型H₂O)及相对比例,是伟晶岩岩浆-热液演化过程及其形成条件的响应,在相对氧化的岩浆体系中主要形成绿柱石矿物,而相对还原的富H₂O岩浆体系更有利于海蓝宝石形成.     

巴西绿欧泊的宝石学特征

近期国内珠宝市场上出现一种产自巴西的绿欧泊,该类绿欧泊表现出的宝石矿物学特征与传统的欧泊有着明显差异。采用常规宝石学测试手段,并结合电子探针、X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外吸收光谱、紫外吸收光谱等测试分析方法,就其化学成分、物相、微结构、谱学特征及颜色成因等问题展开初步研究。结果表明,巴西绿欧泊的主要矿物组成为蛋白石,含不等量的α-方石英和α-鳞石英等次要矿物,整体呈不规则胶柬状结构,局部微波纹理发育;该类欧泊主要由直径约10～30nm的SiO2球粒聚集而成;由H2O和M—OH倍频振动致近红外吸收谱带位于7000cm-1处,由H2O合频振动致近红外吸收谱带分别位于5200,5612cm叫处,由M—OH与[SiO4]合频振动致近红外吸收谱带位于4600-4100cm-1范围内。笔者还对巴西绿欧泊的呈色机理一并给予了探讨。     

基于锂离子电池储能技术的便携式钻机研制与应用

锂离子电池作为现代文明中重要的能量载体被广泛且大量地使用。浅层钻探是一种重要的浅表层调查取样手段,将锂离子电池储能技术应用于便携式钻机的研发,可解决山区、林草区等特殊地貌区防火期内调查取样的难题,实现浅钻调查零碳排,助力绿色勘查发展;本文重点介绍了锂电池电动钻机的技术参数、特点及试验情况,该机型具有体积小、质量轻、无噪音、无污染,主要钻进参数可显示、可调控,钻进数据可采集、可存储等特点,锂离子电池储能技术在便携式钻机中的应用为浅钻装备数字化、信息化和智能化发展奠定了基础。     

Long‐term and seasonal hydrologic performance of an extensive green roof

Sustainable strategies such as green roofs have been implemented as stormwater management tools to mitigate disturbance of the hydrologic cycle resulting from urbanization. Green roofs, also referred to as vegetated roofs, can improve the urban landscape by reducing heat island effects, providing ecosystem services, and facilitating the retention and treatment of stormwater. Green roofs have received particular attention because they do not require acquisition and development of land and represent an application of biomimicry in design and construction. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), antecedent dry period (ADP), and seasonal variation on the run‐off quantity and distribution of an extensive, sedum covered, green roof on a commercial building in Syracuse, NY, USA. The green roof greatly facilitated retention of precipitation events without significant changes over the 4‐year study. The green roof retained on average 95.9 ± 3.6% (6.5 ± 5.6 mm) per rainfall event, with a range from 75% to 99.6% (33.2 to 3.3 mm). However, as precipitation quantity increased, the retention of water decreased. This high water retention capacity was the result of the combined effects of ET, stormwater storage (plants, growth media, and stormwater retention layer), and limited surface run‐off from the roof deck due to variation in the sloping of the green roof and the tapered insulation to the deck drains. The water retention capacity of the green roof did not change significantly between growing and nongrowing seasons. Slightly greater precipitation during the growing season coincided with increased ET. Average potential ET during the growing season was approximately 3 times greater than during the nongrowing season. The hydrologic performance of the green roof was not significantly impacted by an ADP greater than 2 days.