青藏高原拉萨地块新生代超钾质岩与南北向地堑成因关系

青藏高原拉萨地块广泛分布有新生代超钾质岩,岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明这些超钾质岩来源于与古俯冲环境有着密切联系的含金云母的富集地幔源区,它们主要喷发于25~10 Ma。同时在拉萨地块分布有多条南北向地堑(裂谷),且它们的切割深度可能到达下地壳的深部甚至岩石圈地幔,它们主要形成于23~8 Ma。拉萨地块大多数超钾质岩沿着新生代的南北向地堑(裂谷)分布,并且它们在形成时代和空间分布上存在着明显的耦合性,结合沿着印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带分布的中新世埃达克质岩,笔者认为这些超钾质岩很可能与中新世早期北向俯冲的印度岩石圈沿着印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带附近发生断离,以及由此而引起拉萨地块东西向伸展构造活动产生的南北向地堑(裂谷)系统有关。     

月海盆地线性构造展布及其成因分析

综合多源遥感数据识别提取月球正面南北纬50°之间的线性构造,重点分析月岭和月溪的影像特征、分布规律和时空关系,结合月海沉降模型分析两者的成因机制,结合地形和重力场数据预测影响月岭类型的因素。研究表明,在质量瘤盆地,月岭和月溪存在明显的时空关系和构造成因联系,两者主要由月海沉降产生的局部应力引起,前月海时期盆地的均衡状态和月海充填的几何形状可能影响了月岭的分布类型。     

significance of high-resolution loess stratification based on grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis to paleo-earthquake study: a case study of dongyugou loess section,at hongtong,shanxi province

As an important technology to paleoseismologic research, trenching has been used to identify paleo-earthquakes recorded in strata, combined with dating technology. However, there have been some bigger uncertainties and limitations. For instance, subtle strata in loess sediment cannot be interpreted only by naked-eye, which seriously affects identifying paleo-earthquake horizon and time. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of paleo-earthquake identification is the important problem we are currently facing. Dongyugou loess section, located in the northeastern corner of Linfen Basin, Shanxi Province, cuts across the Huoshan piedmont fault. The section exposes not only the well-developed loess sequence, but also several obvious faulting events. Thus, this loess section is a better site to make a high resolution study to improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of paleo-earthquake identification. Based on the high-resolution grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis, and associated with visual interpretation by naked-eye, we made a high-resolution stratification of Dongyugou loess section, including high-resolution thickness of each stratum and its upper and bottom boundaries. Based on the high-resolution stratification and their comparison between two fault walls, we identified three earthquake events, which occurred after formation of u5-7, u4 and u2, corresponding to their stratification depth of 7.1m, 4.7m and 2.9m in hanging wall. Based on results of OSL dating and average sedimentation rate of hanging wall, we estimated that the three events occurred around 45.8ka(between (48.1±1.5)～(43.2±2.5)ka), 32.8ka(between (35.0±2.4)～(30.6±1.3)ka) and 23.3ka(between (26.4±0.8)～(20.9±0.7)ka). According to the thickness difference of three loess-paleosol sedimentary cycles between two fault walls, we calculated the coseismic vertical displacements of the three events as 0.5m, 0.4 and 1.3m, respectively. Compared with other segments of the Huoshan piedmont fault zone, we found the southernmost segment is the weakest, with longer recurrence interval of about 11ka and lower vertical slip rate of 0.048mm/a. The high-accuracy grain size and magnetic susceptibility analysis offers an effective method for reducing the uncertainties of the paleo-earthquake research in loess area.     

西藏打加错南北向地堑系的形成特征及其与成矿的关系

西藏打加错南北向地堑系处于冈瓦纳大陆北缘,地堑系总体延伸方向（175～190°）,延伸长度＞50 km,延伸宽度5～15 km.根据该地堑构造带内发育的鱼鳞山组（N2Qy）玄武岩测年结果以及地堑构造带内发育的活动温泉,判断该地堑构造活动时期早于13.43 Ma,现今仍在强烈活动.在打加错地堑系东西两侧的地垒中共发现5处金属矿（化）点,各矿（化）点与中酸性岩体活动及近SN断裂构造有密切关系,特别是近南北向展布的中酸性小岩体更易形成斑岩型铜矿.     

伊通地堑上地幔剪切带

通过研究糜棱岩型幔源包体的变形显微构造、位错亚构造及组构特征，确定它是上地幔剪切带的代表物质。该带形成温度为７２９～８２８℃、压力为１．１０～１．３８ＧＰａ、差异应力为９７～１５０ＭＰａ、应变速率为ＩＯ￣（－１４）～１Ｏ￣（－１２）ｓ￣（－１）、等效粘滞度为１０～１０００ＥＰａ·ｓ和深度为３７～４５ｋｍ。这是一种与地幔底辟作用有关的规模较小的缓倾斜剪切带，也是应变集中带，能导致上地幔地震波速各向异性，并与地震活动有关     

冲绳海槽轴线地质特征

冲绳海槽位于东海大陆架与琉球岛弧之间，海槽中发育着一系列平行轴向延伸的地堑型正断层。穿越海槽的地震剖面证实了海槽扩张中心的存在，扩张轴沿海槽轴线方向延伸。由于地堑构造中心的扩张速率较大，由某引起的海槽中心下陷的速率大于沉积作用的补偿速率，使海槽中心海底出现明显的下陷。在轴线的大陆坡一侧，陆源沉积占绝对优势；轴线的岛坡一侧，以火山坡碎屑、浮岩、有孔虫软泥为沉积特征。     

Numerical Simulation of the Graben-Forming Process in Southern Xizang

I.INTRODUCTION It iS generally accepted that the stress state in the upper crust and upper mantle in the southernQinghai—Xiz~g Plateau is essentially extensional(Molnar and Tapponnier,1978;Chen and Molnar,1983:Armijo et a1.,1986).Data offocal.mechanism     

岩溶断陷盆地不同海拔植物水分利用效率分析

为探讨不同海拔高度的养分、环境要素与植物水分利用效率变化的关系,以岩溶断陷盆地云南小江流域的乔木、灌木、草本为研究对象,分析水分利用效率和叶片养分浓度随海拔的变化情况。结果表明：（1）研究区内海拔2 000 m处的草本植物的叶片δ13C值最高,2 200 m处的乔木的叶片δ13C值最低;（2）海拔高度对乔木、灌木的植物水分利用效率影响大于草本植物,草本植物的水分利用效率随海拔高度的变化甚微,两者之间的拟合度较小;高值区出现在海拔为2 200 m处的乔木;低值区出现在海拔为2 000 m处的草本植物;（3）不同海拔水分利用效率与叶片N、P浓度的相关性较弱（与叶片的N浓度呈弱正相关,与叶片的P浓度呈弱负相关）;（4）不同海拔水分利用效率与各气候因子的相关性较弱,与多年平均气温、多年平均降雨量、多年平均日照时数均呈弱正相关。     

黔东南地区重力场特征及雷公山地堑系地质意义的初论

通过采用先进的重力数据处理软件，对黔东南地区的1：20万布格重力场和剩余重力场等资料，进行了综合处理，重力解译，地质分析，获得了不少新信息和新认识，不仅证实了区内NE向断裂的存在，还发现了EW，NW，SN向的断裂构造，这是开展1：20万区域重力调查和运用先进的重力数据处理技术的一个重要成果。