在CARIS HIPS中实现多潮位站水位改正

多波束测深系统以其高精度、宽覆盖的作业特点在海道测量中得到了广泛的应用,但多年来,多验潮站的潮位改正问题成为制约其在大区域应用的瓶颈。主要阐述了在最为常用的多波束数据后处理软件CARIS HIPS中如何实现多验潮站潮位改正,并以条带测量区域为例验证了其精度。     

用固体潮观测资料将钻孔应变变化换算为地层的应力变化

利用钻孔应变观测值中潮汐频段部分和钻孔岩芯的弹性系数,将钻孔应变换算为地层应力的格值,用此格值可将钻孔应变的非潮汐变化换算成该地地层的非潮汐应力变化.从潮汐模型研究和潮汐观测结果来看,勒夫数受地球大结构的影响,空间变化不大,据此可用勒夫数的模型值去求定标定应力.由钻孔应变观测值求定钻孔应变的面应力系数和差应力系数,而不必知道耦合介质的力学性能.探头周围介质若非各向同性时,应力系数可用椭圆的解析式拟合.此外,还讨论了同井、同台、台网的校核问题,以及应力场模型的拟合和漂移的分离问题.     

地壳块体应力场动力学演变过程仿真的初步研究

运用三维非线性动态有限元方法,研究华北地壳块体对渤海、黄海潮汐水位变化的动态响应,得出该块体中各力学量随时间演变的数值结果以及动态、直观的三维仿真映象,并以此探索计算力学与地学综合研究的途径.从仿真模拟结果可以看出:华北地区近期发生的几次较大地震均在应力较大或应力变化剧烈的地点.由于海洋动态载荷的量级小,计算结果的应力绝对值也很小,因此,这种吻合表明较小的动态载荷下的动态响应揭示了孕震构造的特征,显示了应力集中的地点.     

Morphodynamic zone variability on a microtidal barred beach

This paper builds on the work of Masselink [Masselink, G., 1993. Simulating the effects of tides on beach morphodynamics. J. Coast. Res. SI 15, 180–197.] on the use of the residence times of shoaling waves, breaking waves and swash/backwash motions across a cross-shore profile to qualitatively understand temporal beach behaviour. We use a data set of in-situ measurements of wave parameters (height and period) and water depth, and time-exposure video images overlooking our single-barred intertidal measurement array at Egmond aan Zee (Netherlands) to derive boundaries between the shoaling zone, the surf zone and the swash zone. We find that the boundaries are functional dependencies of the local relative wave height on the local wave steepness. This contrasts with the use of constant relative wave heights or water levels in earlier work. We use the obtained boundaries and a standard cross-shore wave transformation model coupled to an inner surf zone bore model to show that large (> 5) relative tide ranges (RTR, defined as the ratio tide range–wave height) indicate shoaling wave processes across almost the entire intertidal profile, with surf processes dominating on the beach face. When the RTR is between 2 and 5, surf processes dominate over the intertidal bar and the lower part of the beach face, while swash has the largest residence times on the upper beach face. Such conditions, associated with surf zone bores propagating across the bar around low tide, were observed to cause the intertidal bar to migrate onshore slowly and the upper beach face to steepen. For RTR values less than about 2, surf zone processes dominate across the intertidal bar, while the dominance of swash processes now extends across most of the beach face. The surf zone processes were now observed to lead to offshore bar migration, while the swash eroded the upper beach face.     

Study on the Tidal Wave System and Formation Mechanism of M2 Tide in the Taiwan Strait

To study the Taiwan Strait （TS）, an unusual sea area, the numerical model in marginal seas of China is used to simulate and analyze the tidal wave motion in the strait. The numerical modeling experiments reproduce the amphidromic system of the M2 tide in the south end of the Taiwan strait, and consequently confirm the existence of the degenerate amphidromic system. On this basis, further discussion is conducted on the M2 system and its formation mechanism. It can be concluded that the tidal waves of the TS is consisted of the progressing wave from the north entrance and the degenerate amphidromic system from the south entrance, in which the progressing wave from the north entrance dominates the tidal wave motion in the strait. Except for the convergent effect caused by the landform and boundary, the degenerate amphidromic system produced in the south of the strait is another important factor for the following phenomena： the large tidal range in the middle of the strait, the concentrative zone of co-amplitude and co-phase line in the south of the strait. The degenerate amphidromic system is mainly produced by the incident Pacific Ocean tidal wave from the Luzon strait and the action by the shoreline and landform. The position of the amphidromic point is compelled to move toward southwest until degenerating by the powerful progressing wave from the north entrance.     

我国南极长城站和中山站锚地选址及测绘回顾

在1997年以前,我国南极考察船到达南极长城站和中山站附近水域后,由于没有合适的锚地而多次出现险情。成功地在南极长城站和中山站水域完成锚地选址和锚地测绘任务,是一件非常重要的事情。它是南极科考船安全避风、高效货物装卸的保证,它对于我国南极科学考察和基站建设有着十分重要的意义。     

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大地测量数据处理中的潮汐系统和模型

经过30多年的发展,国际上对潮汐的研究不断深入。目前,已形成一套新的潮汐系统和模型。我国现行大地测量规范和细则中,一直沿用旧的潮汐系统和模型,已不再适应新的形势。因此,对1983年汉堡(Hamburg)IAG会议决议的潮汐系统和IERS(2003)潮汐模型及对大地测量数据处理的影响进行了介绍。     

赤潮预报的人工神经网络方法

基于渤海湾赤潮观测数据(2003年5月~9月),对藻类浓度与环境因子进行了相关性分析,选择出影响藻类浓度的主要环境因子,然后对主要环境因子作主成分分析,在主成分分析的基础上,建立了一个用于赤潮预报的人工神经网络模型。