陆相层序地层学进展

陆相层序地层学是层序地层学发展的一个重要方向．由于陆相地层的特点，其与海相层序地层相比具有特殊性。本文从层序的控制因素、层序界面、基准面、体系域与沉积体系的发育、层序地层与模拟技术和全球对比意义等方面回顾了陆相层序地层学的进展并讨论了陆相层序地层学的特点。     

Variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snows from 1940 to 1980

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn have been measured using improved ultraclean procedures in a succession of twenty six snow samples integrating a 40 yr time sequence from 1940 to 1980 which were collected from the walls of a 6 m deep pit at stake D 55 in Adelie Land, East Antarctica. Measured concentrations, which are among the lowest ones ever measured in Antarctic snows, are found not to have significantly increased during the investigated time period, with the possible exception of Pb for which there might have been a significant increase after the mid 1960's. For this last metal, measured concentrations in the 1940's are about 6-fold higher than in Antarctic Holocene ice several thousand years old, which indicates that a large fraction of the anthropogenic increase for Pb probably occurred before the 1940's.     

我国日照时数和总辐射的空间分布场

运用多项式回归分析和双随机样本检验,模拟日照时数和总辐射及其影响因子(可照时间、总云量和天文辐射、日照百分率)年值和1月值、7月值的三度空间分布场,取得了满意结果。这可应用在无测站地区,仅凭经纬度和海拔估算出上述气候要素值,估算的平均相对误差大多在5％以下(最好的达0.3‰)。     

海洋构造地球物理当前动态、前景及我们的发展方向

    海洋构造地球物理或构造物理学是海洋地球科学研究的前沿。它是构造地质学和地球物理学互相渗透、互相促进的一门很有前景的新兴边缘学科。80年代这一新兴学科有较明显的发展，90年代这一学科在板块运动、驱动机制的定量研究以及在巨型断裂、造山带与盆地形成机理等方面的研究将有重要的突破，我国在90年代应加强对南海这一西太平洋最大的边缘海的构造地球物理研究。     

大洋钻探与全球变化(二)——从海洋角度研究第四纪古全球变化

海洋在第四纪全球气候和环境的变化中起着至关重要的作用，一方面，海洋沉积记录了大量第四纪古全球变化的信息，特别是可提供古球变化中高分辨率的短期气候事件的记录，另一方面，无论是全球性大洋环流，生物和化学的变化，还是区域性西太平洋边缘海浅水陆架的出没，这些海洋事件都可能是许多第四纪古全球变化现象的原因之所在。因此，从海洋角度研究第四纪古全球变化，已成为当前古全球变化和国际古海洋学研究的重点。在这方面，深     

Lessons learnt from checking the quality of openly accessible river flow data worldwide

ABSTRACT

Advances in open data science serve large-scale model developments and, subsequently, hydroclimate services. Local river flow observations are key in hydrology but data sharing remains limited due to unclear quality, or to political, economic or infrastructure reasons. This paper provides methods for quality checking openly accessible river-flow time series. Availability, outliers, homogeneity and trends were assessed in 21 586 time series from 13 data providers worldwide. We found a decrease in data availability since the 1980s, scarce open information in southern Asia, the Middle East and North and Central Africa, and significant river-flow trends in Africa, Australia, southwest Europe and Southeast Asia. We distinguish numerical outliers from high-flow peaks, and integrate all investigated quality characteristics in a composite indicator. We stress the need to maintain existing gauging networks, and highlight opportunities in extending existing global databases, understanding drivers for trends and inhomogeneity, and in innovative acquisition methods in data-scarce regions.     

分层随机抽样下全球30 m火烧迹地产品验证

火烧迹地是全球及区域碳循环和气候变化等研究所需的重要参数之一,卫星遥感技术为快速获取大区域火烧迹地空间分布信息提供了有效手段。中国科学院基于Landsat系列卫星数据研发了首个30 m空间分辨率全球火烧迹地产品GABAM (Global Annual Burned Area Map)。遥感数据产品的精度验证对产品使用具有重要意义,迄今尚未有研究机构对GABAM产品精度进行独立评价和分析。为系统评价GABAM产品精度,利用2010年全球30 m空间分辨率火烧迹地产品(GABAM2010)开展精度验证研究工作,在全球和几个陆地生物群落中估算了产品精度,并探索了全球遥感专题产品精度验证的技术框架。基于分层随机抽样选择80个非重叠的泰森多边形区域TSA (Thiessen Scene Areas),采用误差矩阵和6个精度指标对GABAM2010产品做全面精度评价和分析,以满足火烧迹地产品用户的使用要求。结果表明:在全球范围内,GABAM2010产品的错分率和漏分率分别为24.32%和31.60%,总体精度为97.85%;由于数据质量(如条带、云)等的影响,火烧迹地的范围会被低估,对于较容易发生火灾的生物群落,如热带亚热带草原区域,GABAM2010产品精度较高;在生物群落内部,高密度火烧迹地区域的精度高于低密度火烧迹地区域。     

VLBI观测双线极化条纹拟合方法

提出了一种可用于下一代VLBI观测系统(VGOS)的双线极化条纹拟合方法。现有的VLBI观测模式采用的是右圆极化(RCP),而VGOS系统采用的是双线极化。本文方法包括校正和组合条纹拟合两部分。校正部分选择一颗强源作为参考源,分别得到不同极化方式下的通道时延及相位校正数据,用于目标源的校正。组合条纹拟合部分将4种极化分量的可见度数据组合成伪Stokes分量,通过搜索差分星位角使伪Stokes分量的幅值达到最大,从而获得最终的时延观测量。与单极化条纹拟合相比,组合极化获得的条纹具有更高的信噪比(SNR)及更小的条纹相位弥散度。     

On the Epochal Variability in the Frequency of Cyclones during the Pre-Onset and Onset Phases of the Monsoon over the North Indian Ocean

In this paper we examine the epochal changes in the frequency of cyclones over the North Indian Ocean during the pre-onset and onset phases of the monsoon. We consider three epochs; namely, the early(1955-74), middle(1975-94) and recent(1995-2014) epochs. It is found that the number of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal(BOB) decreases throughout the three epochs. Over the Arabian Sea(ARB), however, there is a decrease in the early epoch, before then reaching a minimum in the middle epoch followed by an increase in the recent epoch, thus exhibiting epochal variability. Dynamic and thermodynamic parameters along with Genesis Potential Index(GPI) are examined to understand the frequency variation in cyclogenesis over the ARB and BOB. Over the ARB, thermodynamic factors such as mid-level moisture,surface latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, and dynamic parameters such as lower-level convergence and upper-level divergence, are favorable during the early and recent epochs but unfavorable during the middle epoch, and these results are found to be consistent with the observed epochal variability in the frequency of cyclogenesis. However, all these influential parameters are found to have decreased over the BOB during the entire 60-year period.     

采用辐照度基法对FY-1C气象卫星可见近红外通道进行绝对辐射定标

介绍另一种在轨卫星传感器绝对辐射定标——辐照度基法定标,并利用敦煌辐射校正场对FY-1C卫星可见近红外通道进行定标。通常的反射率基法定标,表观反射率计算的一个重要误差来源是对气溶胶散射的近似计算。辐照度基法定标采用实际测量的漫射与总辐射比来代替辐射传输计算的气溶胶散射。利用该方法对FY-1C卫星的5次定标结果表明,大部分日期辐照度基法和反射率基法定标结果非常吻合,肯定了辐照度基法的正确性,但在气溶胶含量较大时,辐照度基法提高定标精度的优点显现出来,能够减少辐射传输模式对气溶胶散射计算带来的误差,提高最终的绝对辐射定标精度。