三种有机紫外吸收剂对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)鳃组织抗氧化能力和细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响

二苯甲酮-3 (BP-3)、4-甲基苄亚基樟脑(4-MBC)和4-甲氧基肉桂酸-2-乙基己酯(EHMC)是三种常用的有机紫外吸收剂, 在水环境中被频繁检出, 对水生生态系统安全构成潜在威胁。为探究三种有机紫外吸收剂对菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)鳃组织抗氧化响应和相关细胞凋亡基因的影响, 将蛤仔分别暴露于环境相关浓度的三种紫外吸收剂溶液中, 检测鳃组织抗氧化酶活性和细胞凋亡相关基因转录水平, 并通过第二代整合生物标志物响应法(IBRv2)对三种紫外吸收剂的生物毒性进行比较分析。结果显示, 三种紫外吸收剂短期暴露会诱导抗氧化响应提高抗氧化能力, 而长期高浓度暴露会导致抗氧化能力的降低。BP-3、4-MBC和EHMC可能通过启动线粒体途径和fas介导的死亡受体途径诱导菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织产生细胞凋亡。通过IBRv2分析发现, 在环境常见浓度1 μg/L的暴露水平下, 短期(1 d, 7 d)暴露时, BP-3对菲律宾蛤仔鳃组织表现出的综合毒性效应最强, 而随着暴露时间的延长(28 d), 三种紫外吸收剂表现出的综合毒性效应相近。研究结果为水环境中有机紫外吸收剂的生态风险评估提供了参考数据。     

溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液的黏附特性研究

采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液的黏附机制.试验结果表明溶藻弧菌经营养饥饿、热处理、抗体处理、蛋白酶及高碘酸处理后黏附作用明显下降;在8种碳水化合物的干扰下溶藻弧菌的黏附作用会有一定程度的变化,其中葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖能明显促进溶藻弧菌的黏附作用;溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液中较大分子量的物质有较强的亲和力.这些结果表明溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液存在特异性黏附作用,这种黏附与细菌活力、其表面的蛋白类、糖类等物质以及黏液的化学组成都有密切关系.     

环境因子对溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)粘附大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)表皮粘液影响的研究

采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了环境因子对溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮粘液粘附作用的影响。试验结果表明,溶藻弧菌能很好地粘附于大黄鱼表皮粘液,其粘附量在菌浓度不超过6.52×108cfu/ml情况下随菌浓度的升高而升高;粘附量在25℃下孵育180min趋于饱和,在180min以内与孵育时间呈正相关关系;粘附作用在温度25—30℃、pH值偏酸、盐度35条件下较强;在无Na (盐度为0)时,无粘附作用;Ca2 能显著加强溶藻弧菌的粘附作用,而Mg2 作用不明显。这些结果表明,溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮粘液有较强的粘附作用,其粘附作用受温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子的影响。     

Adhesion of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea

Adhesion of Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea has been investigated using [methyl—3H]thymidine as isotope tracer. The results showed that: the adhesive quantity of V. alginolyticus increased with bacterial concentrations and reached equilibrium after incubated for 180 min; the higher adhesive quantity was obtained at 15~30 ℃ and sourish conditions; adhesion of V. alginolyticus could not achieved without Na , and Ca2 played an auxiliary role in the bacterial adhesion; adhesion of V. alginolyticus was inhibited remarkably by starvation, heat treatment and periodic acid treatment; all of the eight kinds of carbohydrates investigated enhanced the adhesion of V. alginolyticus to the gill mucus of P. crocea, among them, glucose, mannose, fructose and maltose showed the specially enhanced adhesion. The results indicated that V. alginolyticus could adhere to the gill mucus of P. crocea facilely in seawater, and this bacterial adhesion was influenced by environmental factors and closely related to superficial carbohydrate structures and some heat-sensitive structures.     

重金属离子对中华绒螯蟹肝胰脏和鳃丝SOD,CAT活力的影响

研究了 3种重金属离子 (Cu2 ,Zn2 ,Cd2 )对中华绒螯蟹肝胰脏和鳃丝 SOD,CAT活力的影响。实验结果表明 ,肝胰脏和鳃丝 SOD,CAT活力在 3种重金属离子作用下分别随取样时间变化显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,对 2种抗氧化酶活力的抑制均为肝胰脏 <鳃丝。 3种重金属离子在实验时间内对肝胰脏 2种抗氧化酶活力的影响呈峰值变化 ,低浓度组表现为促进作用 ,高浓度组在 96 h时为抑制作用 ;低浓度组在 72 h内能提高鳃丝 2种抗氧化酶活力 ,随后下降 ,至 96 h时表现为抑制作用 ,而高浓度组一直为明显的抑制作用 ,2种抗氧化酶活力表现出明显的时间、剂量效应关系。因此 ,肝胰脏和鳃丝SOD,CAT2种抗氧化酶可作为中华绒螯蟹毒理学的评价指标。     

日本沼虾鳃细胞的超微结构

研究了日本沼虾鳃的 3种细胞的超微结构。鳃丝角质层下的上皮细胞层比较薄 ,其近角质层侧细胞膜具有微绒毛。位于鳃丝中隔表面的上皮细胞 ,为假复层状结构 ,含有大量的糖原颗粒和线粒体。颗粒细胞内充满了丰富的高尔基体、粗面内质网及大型的球状分泌颗粒。其颗粒内含有絮状物质或斑纹状物质。肾原细胞主要分布于鳃轴内血管腔的表面 ,其细胞膜内陷形成许多足突及过滤孔 ,细胞质中充满了各种大小的泡、包被泡和管道     

菲律宾蛤仔鳃寄生触毛类纤毛虫——厚鱼钩虫(Ancistrum crasum)的形态学研究(原生动物,纤毛门,盾纤目)

报道了采自青岛胶州湾的菲律宾蛤仔鳃丝上寄生的一种触毛类纤毛虫，经鉴定为厚鱼钩虫（ＡｎｃｉｓｔｒｕｍｃｒａｓｓｕｍＦｅｎｃｈｅｌ，１９６５）。本文运用活体观察和蛋白银法对其活体形态及纤毛图式进行了详细描述。此为我国新记录，同时也是触毛亚目纤毛虫在我国的首次报道。     

中国对虾养成期细菌性黑鳃,褐斑综合症的病原生物学研究

本文是对中国对虾黑鳃、褐斑综合症进行病原菌分离和人工感染试验的报告。经细菌学鉴定表明,分离菌分别为海弧菌Vibrio pelagius Baumann和溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus sakazaki。人工感染试验显示,海弧菌是引起对虾黑鳃、褐斑综合症的主要病原菌,溶藻弧菌的合并感染导致对虾败血死亡。此外还应用电子显微镜对分离纯化的病原细菌进行了超微结构观察。     

Effects of waterborne Fe(II) on juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus: analysis of respiratory rate, hematology and gill histology

The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) is high in some groundwater supplies used in turbot culture,and the toxicity of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) is unknown.We investigated the stress responses of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,exposed to Fe(Ⅱ) of different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,and 2 mg/L) for 1,7,14,and 28 d,under the same ambient conditions of other parameters.Changes in respiratory rate,hematological parameters,and gill structure were determined.The results show that waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) did not cause severe hematological perturbation to turbot.A low-medium Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (lower than 0.1 mg/L) could boost the respiratory rate,and caused no or very limited damage to fish.A high Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (0.1 mg/L or higher),however,caused gill damage,such as vacuoles in branchial lamellae,epithelial necrosis,and hypertrophy of epithelial cells,and even death after extended exposure time.Therefore,excess waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) and long-term exposure to Fe(Ⅱ) could be responsible for poor growth and high mortality of turbot in culture.The concentration of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) in turbot culture should be kept below 0.1 mg/L.