四川眉山芒硝矿主要环境地质问题与防治对策

眉山市芒硝矿开采和生产过程中的主要环境地质问题是矿区地下水和地表水疏干、污染及矿区土壤污染等,影响了矿山及附近居民的生产生活,威胁了人民的身体健康。本文在芒硝矿山环境地质问题调查的基础上,针对存在的主要问题,提出了防治措施。     

人为地质灾害成因及其对策

本文通过大量事例阐述了人为地质灾害产生的主要原因及其防治对策。指出,对工程区地质情况认识不清楚,设计不合理或设计失误,施工质量达不到要求等是人为地质灾害产生的主要原因。同时指出,人为地质灾害具有可防治性,人们完全可以通过规范自身的行为增强科学性,减少盲目性来达到避免和减轻人为地质灾害的目的。     

Performance‐based design using structural optimization

A new methodology for seismic design is proposed based on structural optimization with performance‐based constraints. Performance‐based criteria are introduced for the seismic design of new buildings. These criteria are derived from the National Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (Reference [19], Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), ‘NHERP Guidelines for seismic rehabilitation of buildings’, Report Nos 273 and 274, Washington, DC, 1997) for retrofitting existing structures. The proposed design methodology takes into account the non‐linear behaviour of the structure. The goal is to incorporate in the design the actual performance levels of the structure, i.e. how much reserve capacity the structure has in an earthquake of a given magnitude. The optimal design of the structure minimizes the structural cost subjected to performance constraints on plastic rotations of beams and columns, as well as behavioural constraints for reinforced concrete frames. Uncertainties in the structural period and in the earthquake excitation are taken into account using convex models. The optimization routine incorporates a non‐linear analysis program and the procedure is automated. The proposed methodology leads to a structural design for which the levels of reliability (performance levels) are assumed to be quantifiable. Furthermore, the entire behaviour of the structure well into the non‐linear range is investigated in the design process. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地质雷达及浅层地震在泥质粉砂岩中断裂带上的曲线特征

探讨了如何利用地质雷达及浅层地震有关原理判释泥质粉砂岩中隐伏断裂带的性质和特征。主要的工作方法是通过现场实测，分析地质雷达反映在张性断裂带和压性断裂带上的曲线特征，分析浅层地震相遇时距曲线在断裂带上的曲线特征。后者的主要特征有：（1）在断裂带上初至时间延长；（2）在断裂带上左右支时距曲线上下跳动的幅度均等；（3）在断裂带上跳动的长度不一；（4）在断裂带左右支时距曲线上下跳动或反相；（5）时距曲线呈喇叭口。阐明了地质雷达和浅层地震的原理及其在泥质粉砂岩中勘查断裂构造的效果     

A Preliminary Study on the Soft–Sediment Deformation Structures in the Late Quaternary Lacustrine Sediments at Tashkorgan, Northeastern Pamir, China

This study identified soft–sediment deformation structures(SSDS) of seismic origin from lacustrine sediments in the late Quaternary paleo–dammed lake at Tashkorgan, northeastern Pamir. The observed deformation structures include sand dykes, liquefied diapir and convolute structures, gravity induced SSDS, and thixotropic pillar and tabular structures. We conducted a preliminary study on the morphology, formation and trigger mechanisms of pillar and tabular structures formed by liquefaction of underlying coarse sand and thixotropy of the upper silty clay. The regional tectonic setting and distribution of lacustrine strata indicate that the most probable trigger for the SSDS in lacustrine sediments was seismic activity, with an approximate earthquake magnitude of M6.0; the potential seismogenic fault is the southern part of the Kongur normal fault extensional system. AMS 14 C dating results indicate that the SSDS were formed by seismic events occurring between 26050±100 yr BP and 22710±80 yr BP, implying intense fault activity in this region during the late Pleistocene. This study provides new evidence for understanding tectonic activity and regional geodynamics in western China.     

拉西瓦左坝肩大型古变形体形成演化及其稳定性分析

拉西瓦水电站坝址论证阶段已查明,拟建坝址区内多个变形破裂体的潜在失稳严重危及着拉西瓦工程的顺利施工与安全运行,尤其是左坝肩ⅡB大型古变形破裂体已成为坝址变形体研究的关键问题.立足于大量的地面调查、多个平硐勘探与测试,本文首先介绍了ⅡB大型变形破裂体的变形破裂特征,并应用现场氡气探测裂缝深度等结果,界定了变形体的边界.其次,采用ESR方法对变形体内各典型裂缝进行了地质测年,分析了ⅡB大型变形破裂体的形成机制与形成演化过程,并探讨了该变形体的稳定性.研究表明,大多数裂缝都是在10万年以前形成,也证明了该变形体为一古变形体;在天然状态下ⅡB变形体目前整体处于稳定状态,但其表部和前缘有局部稳定性较差的部位.     

桩基-非线性框剪结构相互作用体系(下)-- 相互作用对结构地震反应的影响

本文研究桩基-非线性框剪结构相互作用体系的地震反应。其中上部框架和剪力墙结构分别用门型单元和四弹簧墙单元进行分析;桩基阻抗函数通过单桩阻抗和动力相互作用因于求得。采用频-时域混合法求解体系的动力方程,本文研究了在桩基-框剪结构相互作用体系地震反应分析中,桩基阻抗的频率相关性对结构地震反应的影响,并从土体剪切波速和地震波强度两个方面,研究了土-桩-结构相互作用对框剪结构地震反应的影响。     

关于地球圈层差异旋转理论研究的综述

地球内部各圈层差异旋转的各种假说中,“内快外慢”说已形成较完整的理论,并被科学测试所验证。在这一理论形成过程中,数学工作者也做出一有益的贡献。研究表明,“内快外慢”差异旋转是地球内部各种运动的源动力。     

SIMPLE PUSH-OVER ANALYSIS OF ASYMMETRIC BUILDINGS

A simple method for the non-linear static analysis of complex building structures subjected to monotonically increasing horizontal loading (push-over analysis) is presented. The method is designed to be a part of new methodologies for the seismic design and evaluation of structures. It is based on the extension of a pseudo-three-dimensional mathematical model of a building structure into the non-linear range. The structure consists of planar macroelements. For each planar macroelement, a simple bilinear or multilinear base shear–top displacement relationship is assumed. By a step-by-step analysis an approximate relationship between the global base shear and top displacement is computed. During the analysis the development of plastic hinges throughout the building can be monitored. The method has been implemented into a prototype computer program. In the paper the mathematical model, the base shear–top displacement relationships for different types of macroelements, and the step-by-step computational procedure are described. The method has been applied for the analysis of a symmetric and an asymmetric variant of a seven-storey reinforced concrete frame–wall building, as well as for the analysis of a complex asymmetric 21-storey reinforced concrete wall building. The influence of torsion on structural behaviour is discussed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特长隧道高压大流量突涌水治理施工和技术探讨

结合工程实例,介绍了长大隧道施工中高压大流量突涌水治理所采用的超前地质预报、突涌水的预防及帷幕注浆封堵等主要施工技术。并对岩溶发育富含水地区隧道工程的施工进行了分析和探讨,并提出了可行性施工方案。