Temporal change and suitability assessment of cropland in the Yellow River Basin during 1990–2005

Rapid landscape pattern change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions of China such as Yellow River Basin over the past decade. In this article, the physical suitability of cropland and its change were evaluated and analyzed by the combined use of satellite remote sensing, geographical information system, and landscape modeling technologies. The aim was to improve our understanding of cropland change so that sustainable cropland utilization could be established. First, the spatial pattern change of cropland was analyzed using the 1-km² area percentage model; second, the numerical model for cropland suitability assessment was explored and developed using analytical hierarchy process analysis method. Using this model, cropland suitability index was computed for the whole of the basin from 1990 to 2005. The cropland suitability index was classified into five levels: better, good, middle, bad, and worse, following the natural breaks classification. The spatial distribution of cropland suitability level and its changes over the 15 years from 1990 to 2005 were analyzed and the driving factors of cropland change were investigated. The results showed that the cropland suitability in the study area was at good level, and the cropland quality had been gradually improved on the whole. However, the cropland quality had become worse over the 15 years in some regions. In the study area, governmental policies for eco-environmental protection and population growth were found to be the major factors that caused the cropland change over the past 15 years.     

Combining geographical information and traditional plots: the checkerplot

The checkerplot is a new type of graphical display that combines geographical information and statistical plots. Hereby, the traditional plots like barplots or polygon lines are visualized in geographical order on a grid. The checkerplots can be seen as a mixture between thematic maps and the grid representation in trellis plots.

In a checkerplot, any complex statistical graphics that are produced for geographical areas are placed in a grid. An interpretable checkerplot requires an arrangement of areas on the grid that reflects the underlying geography. A loss function is proposed that represents the distortion of the underlying geography needed in order to place the areas onto a grid. It is demonstrated that the minimization of the loss function does indeed produce interpretable checkerplots. Moreover, the optimization problem can be formulated as a linear programming problem that can be solved using standard linear programming solvers.

The proposed checkerplot is applied to US health insurance data to analyze the development of the coverage rate in the health system per state with respect to the different health care programs. Moreover, an example related to the EU-member states is also given. Additional information like the national flags of countries are placed in each grid to allow better visibility and recognition of the countries.

The checkerplot is implemented in the R-package sparkTable (Kowarik, Meindl, and Templ, 2012 Kowarik, A., Meindl, B., and Templ, M., 2012. sparkTable: sparklines and graphical tables for tex and html. R package version 0.9.3 http://cran.r-project.org/package=sparkTable (http://cran.r-project.org/package=sparkTable) (Accessed: 17 February 2012).  [Google Scholar]. sparkTable: sparklines and graphical tables for tex and html [online]. R package version 0.9.3 [Accessed 7 February 2012]) and can be freely downloaded from the CRAN repository. It is implemented in a flexible manner and not restricted to the examples given in this contribution.     

Analysis of the spatial relations among point distributions on a discrete space

This paper proposes a method of analyzing spatial relations among point distributions on a discrete space. Spatial topology and proximity are discussed in an integrated framework at both local and global scales. Local relations are described by geographical representations, whereas global relations are visualized by graph representations. The latter also provide a means of classifying the point distributions. The proposed method is applied to school location planning in Japan. The results reveal the appealing properties of the method and provide empirical findings.     

基于偏移—份额模型的中国制造业空间格局变化解释

外部环境变化促使中国制造业空间格局不断演变.基于中国工业企业数据库,运用改进的偏移—份额模型,将1998-2008年中国地级单元的制造业增长量分解为国家分量、省域分量、行业分量和区位分量.国家的经济发展水平和宏观政策推动产业增长,促进产业转移;省域政策和邻域的制造业布局影响本地产业结构;行业的要素密集类型和垄断水平导致空间布局差异;区域经济、区域政策以及城市群内部的联系影响制造业空间格局变化.进一步选取代表性行业对偏移—份额模型中的行业分量和区位分量的组合情况进行研究,认为行业特征与区位特征需要相互匹配才能形成合理的城市产业结构,进而优化产业空间布局.     

时间粒度对地理事件线性时间拓扑关系影响研究

时间尺度是时空数据模型中重要的要素,决定着对地理信息刻画和描述的详细程度,在时空数据库中,时间粒度对于时空拓扑关系描述具有决定性的影响。该文对时间的基本元素进行了形式化定义,在数轴上把时间基于集合论划分为3部分,并对两个时间要素划分的集合求交,从而建立地理事件间的线性时间拓扑关系形式化描述的9交模型,在此基础上探讨了时间粒度变化对地理事件间线性时间拓扑关系的影响,并进行了实例分析。     

Process and differentiation mechanism of old-new growth driver conversion in the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia region at city scale北大核心CSCD

科学认知晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换格局、过程与机制,是缩小区域发展差距,实现晋陕蒙地区高质量发展的迫切需求。论文在构建区域新旧动能转换理论分析框架的基础上,以推进区域协调高质量发展为导向,从动力、制度、结构和方式4个维度,研究2005—2019年晋陕蒙地区市域新旧动能转换过程与时空分异机制。结果表明:(1)晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换水平呈现先波动下降后快速上升的演化趋势,市域间新旧动能转换差距逐渐扩大;(2)晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换水平整体较低,在地理空间上呈现以省会城市为核心的“核心—外围”结构,新旧动能转换优势区和领先区以省会城市为核心呈“点状分布”,滞后区和中等区在非省会城市“广泛分布”;(3)晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换的空间负相关性明显,表现出“冷点集聚、热点离散”的空间分异特征,市域间新旧动能转换的良性互动机制尚未形成;(4)晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换地域分异是多重要素综合作用的结果,人力资本、城市规模和信息化水平是区域新旧动能转换的核心驱动因子。研究认为培育创新人才、增强创新资源集聚与转化能力和加强信息化建设是促进晋陕蒙地区新旧动能转换、推动区域协调高质量发展的关键路径。     

遥感与地理信息系统在土地利用动态监测中的应用

通过国内外研究动态和RS与GIS在土地检测中的实际应用,阐述了遥感与地理信息系统在土地利用动态监测中的应用,论证了遥感与地理信息系统在土地利用动态监测中的应用方法,得出了利用遥感与地理信息系统技术监测土地利用变化可快速发现并能反应研究区域的变化趋势.RS,GIS技术的结合也为有效进行土地利用动态监测和快速决策提供了科学...     

基于ArcGIS的空间信息3维建模

信息时代悄然而至,人们已不再将可以定量表达的信息结果局限在2维空间上,逐步向3维空间信息表达深入。利用虚拟现实技术,建立3维信息模型,对存储在数据库中的信息数据进行提取、处理,实现了3维信息的虚拟可视化以及虚拟环境中数据交互查询和交互操作的全过程,并在3维虚拟环境中实现了相应的数据空间分析。     

建设用地审批管理系统建设与设计

文章提出了建设用地审批管理系统建设目标和原则。以山东省建设用地审批管理为例,给出了建设用地审批管理系统的体系架构设计和实现,并对建设用地审批管理系统建设的关键技术进行了讨论。     

面向地理国情普查的济南市地理信息数据库建设

城市地理信息数据库是地理国情普查的重要数据源。本文通过对地理国情数据内容的分析,阐述了城市地理信息数据库设计与组织方式,研究了数据库主要建设内容,并建立面向城市地理国情普查的地理信息数据库,从而为市域地理国情普查提供数据资源支持。