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Microsatellite variation in the oyster <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea plicatula</Emphasis> along the coast of China

Genetic diversity and differentiation of the oyster Crassostrea plicatula populations from China’s coast were studied based on seven microsatellite loci. All loci showed high polymorphism for all five C. plicatula populations, with an average number of allele per locus of 19.3–27.9 and an average expected heterozygosity of 0.889–0.952. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and deficits of heterozygotes were observed over most populations at each locus, which were fully explained by null alleles. Microsatellite analysis revealed significant subdivision in the C. plicatula populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis of the D _A distance, the five populations fell into three regional groups, showing a relatively homogeneous genetic structure in geographically close populations. Assignation tests correctly assigned high percentages of individuals to their original populations and groups, and also confirmed the existence of genetic differentiation among C. plicatula populations. The results obtained in this study will facilitate the formulation of appropriate fisheries management programs, stock identification and conservation of biodiversity for the species.     

Preliminary Mapping and Characterisation of Soils in the Pirin Mountains （Bulgaria）

Soil types, humus types and vegetation as well as their hypsometric variation were analysed in terms of sequences in the northern part of the high mountains of the Pirin National Park at altitudes between looo and 2400 m a.s.1. The study area is characterised by a large variety of natural parameters like petrology （mainly marble and granite）, morphology （different slope deposits, exposition） and the orographic climate gradient. Statistical analyses using these parameters provided a basis for the soil group classification of the sites. Based on a Digital Terrain Model （DTM） and a geological map of the Pirin National Park, the results of these statistical analyses were used to generate a ＂map of potential soil groups＂ （regionalisation using GIS）. Six potential soil groups could be determined. The resulting map exhibits a confidence level of 68 % on 74.4 % of the covered area. Rendzic Leptosols, in combination with Folic Histosols and Histi-lithic Leptosols occur in the alpine and subalpine regions on calcareous substrates. With decreasing altitude they are replaced by a mosaic of Rendzic Leptosols, Phaeozems and an increasing occurrence of Cambic Umbrisols. Umbrisols found on silicatic substrates in the alpine region are replaced by Cambic Umbrisols with decreasing altitude as well. Hence, pedogenesis is characterised by increasing browning and depth of the soil profiles with decreasing altitude. The pH-level is slightly acidic to neutral in lower zones and on calcareous rocky bases. Acidification increases in the subalpine zone. Soil pH decreases down to 4 on silicate subtrates. Typical humic values in mineral topsoils are 10 to 12 %, and in organic layers of the soils above 2000 m a.s.1, they are even more. The C：N ratio closely ranges around 20 （median）.     

Geochemical characteristics of stable isotopes from hydrothermal chimneys in the Mariana Trough, West Pacific Ocean

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桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带生态环境脆弱性时空分异与驱动机制研究

为揭示生态环境脆弱性的时空分异和驱动因子,本研究在山江海视角下,以桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带为典型研究区,运用空间主成分分析法,地理探测器模型,结合生态环境脆弱性综合指数,系统分析桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带生态环境脆弱性的时空分异特征及驱动机制.结果 表明:①研究区2008、2013、2018年脆弱性指数分别为0.54...     

三峡库区浮游生物群落结构与DNA多态性比较分析

以三峡库区所设A、B、C、D、E、F和G等7个站点为研究区域,利用RAPD技术就其浮游生物群落遗传多样性与物种多样性的关系进行了探索性研究.共鉴定出浮游生物41种,其中藻类4种,原生动物10种,轮虫类19种,枝角类4种,桡足类4种.物种组成相似性最高的是B站和C站,最低的是A站和F站.而站点间浮游生物群落遗传距离分析表明:相距最近的是C站与D站,最远的为D站与F站.树状聚类图也显示:各站点物种组成聚为一类;而DNA多态性RAPD最先聚在一起的是B与F,它们的对应枝由A、C、D、E构成,G单独成为一枝.研究表明,所发现的物种组成与所揭示的遗传多样性并未完全吻合.这或许是物种信息的缺失(如藻类与细菌),或许是RAPD技术的缺陷,或许两者所致.因此,本研究积累了三峡库区浮游生物群落遗传多样性的一些背景资料,而要阐释浮游生物群落遗传多样性与物种多样性之间的相互关系则有赖于应用灵敏的、重复性好的,且能分别分析原核和真核生物的DNA分子标记技术.     

微卫星DNA标记技术及其在海洋生物遗传学中的应用

DNA简单重复序列从1974年在海洋生物中被发现,到1989年“微卫星”术语开始使用这段时间是这种新型分子标记技术的发展阶段。伴随着PCR技术的发明、成熟与拓展,微卫星DNA以其多态性高、随机分布、共显性遗传、重复性好等特点在生物学的个体及系统发育方面得到很广泛的应用。本文从微卫星DNA的发展简史开始,较详细地介绍了它的原理、方法及策略,然后概括了在海洋动、植物的遗传学中,微卫星DNA在遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建、基因鉴定和标记以及系谱认证等领域的研究,展望了其在海洋生物分子育种、基因克隆、生物保护等方面的应用前景。     

大亚湾紫红笛鲷野生群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

紫红笛鲷野生群体样品取自广东大亚湾海区,取背部肌肉,提取DNA,用RAPD技术检测遗传多样性。40个随机引物当中,有11个引物得到了条带清晰、位点较多且重复性好的电泳图谱。11个引物共得到76个条带,其中48个多态位点,多态位点比例为63.16%。平均遗传距离为0.2144。遗传多样性指数为0.1876。结果显示,大亚湾海区的紫红笛鲷具有较丰富的遗传多样性,工程建设以及人为捕捞等对紫红笛鲷的遗传结构影响不明显。在该海区进行紫红笛鲷的养殖,可以选择野生紫红笛鲷作为亲本培育种苗,但应该注意合理的保护,防止遗传多样性的丧失。     

4种养殖扇贝的群体遗传多样性及特异性AFLP标记研究

应用AFLP技术对我国4种主要养殖扇贝进行了遗传分析.虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝、华贵栉孔扇贝、栉孔扇贝4种养殖扇贝群体中,种内遗传相似度依次分别为0.841 5,0.786 3,0.719 0和0.673 1,香侬氏指数分别为43.52,58.87,80.16和92.83,栉孔扇贝和华贵栉孔扇贝的遗传多样性水平明显高于海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝;AFLP标记共享位点分布表明,在4种扇贝中栉孔扇贝与华贵栉孔扇贝之间的共享位点最多,同时4种扇贝的种间遗传相似度也以栉孔扇贝和华贵栉孔扇贝之间为最高(0.769 5),海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝之间为最低(0.662 6),揭示所研究的几种扇贝中栉孔扇贝和华贵栉孔扇贝的遗传关系最近(遗传距离为0.262 1);找到了21个种内特异性AFLP标记和种间共享标记,可用于种质鉴定和分子辅助分类.