Phylogeography of the pelagic fish Seriola lalandi at different scales: confirmation of inter-ocean population structure and evaluation of southern African genetic diversity

The study investigated the global and regional phylogeography of the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi by examining genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this species at inter-and intra-ocean level and on a regional scale. DNA fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and one nuclear gene, recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1), were sequenced to investigate the global-scale phylogeography of this species. The population genetic structure within the South Pacific, as well as along the South African coastline, was examined further using six microsatellite markers. Three distinct clades were identified for S. lalandi, which correspond with previously described subspecies of the North-East Pacific, North-West Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere. Within the latter, additional divergence was observed between the South Pacific and the South-East Atlantic regions. Divergence estimates were indicative of a Pacific origin for S. lalandi populations, because of Pleistocene vicariant events. Microsatellite analyses revealed overall significant genetic differentiation between South African and South Pacific samples. This corroborates recent findings on the global phylogeography of the species. No population differentiation was observed within South Africa, indicating high levels of gene flow.     

脐带缆在潜器下放过程中的运动建模与仿真

潜器在下放布置过程中需要考虑变长度的脐带缆对其运动的影响,在考虑流的情况下,对脐带缆的有限差分模型进行了改进,并采用最小二乘方法求解由时间和空间上的中心差分格式离散后的非线性方程组。为了验证模型改进的有效性,将潜器在均匀定常流中水平匀速直航时的数值解与该特殊情况下的解析解进行比较,两组解的吻合不仅证实了模型改进的有效性,而且表明上述数值计算方法是可靠且有效的。在潜器下放布置运动给定的情况下,脐带缆的运动仿真结果表明,潜器姿态角的调整会对拖曳点处的缆绳张力大小和变化趋势产生显著的影响,流在改变缆绳空间形状的同时引起了缆绳对潜器作用力和力矩的非线性和时变性,脐带缆总是阻止潜器自身动力对运动速度和姿态角的改变,且对纵荡运动的影响最大。     

东营凹陷沙河街组碳酸盐胶结物成因机制

正碳酸盐矿物是砂岩储层中主要的成岩产物之一。碳酸盐胶结物较为活跃,其溶蚀及沉淀广泛发育于砂岩储层内。碳酸盐的溶蚀及沉淀是砂岩储层改造的重要成因之一。明确碳酸盐胶结物的成因机制对预测深部储层具有重要的意义。本次研究,采用铸体薄片及扫描电镜观察,明确碳酸盐胶结物的产状。对不同产状碳酸盐胶结物的分布、     

Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性介质井孔声场有限差分数值模拟与波形特征

岩石介质具有黏滞性,黏弹性介质模型相对于弹性介质模型更为接近岩石介质的真实情况。根据Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性单元体模型本构关系,推导了柱坐标系下各向同性黏弹性介质时间域交错网格有限差分方程,进行了黏弹性介质井孔声场的数值模拟。模拟结果表明：品质因子和声源中心频率对黏弹性介质中的井内外声场均有影响：井外声场和井内声场的衰减均随品质因子的增大而减小,井外声波和井内反射波振幅随之增大;井外声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而减小,井外声波振幅随之增大,井内声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而增大,井内反射波振幅随之减小。     

四川省旅游气候舒适度评价

为了更好地发展旅游事业,本文以四川省2006~2016年21个站点的气象数据为基础数据,运用奥利弗温湿指数和IDW空间插值法对四川省旅游气候舒适度进行评价。结果表明:(1)从总体上看,四川省旅游气候舒适度差异显著,呈现出西部较高、东部较低的特征;(2)从季节上看,四川省春、秋季舒适度较高,最适合人们旅游;夏、冬季舒适度较差,最不适合旅游;(3)从旅游地上看,除了甘孜州、阿坝州和凉山州的最舒适时期为7月,最不舒适时期为1月。四川省典型旅游地最舒适时期大都为4月和10月,最不舒适时期主要为1月和7月。因此,除甘孜州,阿坝州和凉山州外,4月和10月四川省适合旅游;相反,1月和7月四川省不适合旅游。     

Joint probability density function of the stochastic responses of nonlinear structures

The joint probability density fimction （PDF） of different structural responses is a very important topic in the stochastic response analysis of nonlinear structures. In this paper, the probability density evolution method, which is successfully developed to capture the instantaneous PDF of an arbitrary single response of interest, is extended to evaluate the joint PDF of any two responses. A two-dimensional partial differential equation in terms of the joint PDF is established. The strategy of selecting representative points via the number theoretical method and sieved by a hyper-ellipsoid is outlined. A two-dimensional difference scheme is developed. The free vibration of an SDOF system is examined to verify the proposed method, and a flame structure exhibiting hysteresis subjected to stochastic ground motion is investigated. It is pointed out that the correlation of different responses results from the fact that randomness of different responses comes from the same set of basic random parameters involved. In other words, the essence of the probabilistic correlation is a physical correlation.     

基于不同摩擦系数水平的滑移隔震体系的相对输入能量与绝对输入能量的差异性分析

定义了能量变化率指标,以简谐激励作用下的滑移隔震结构为例,探讨了摩擦系数对滑移隔震结构能量变化率指标的影响,通过对这些能量指标的研究,分析了系统的相对输入能量和绝对输入能量的差异性随摩擦系数的变化规律,为后续研究提供理论依据。     

卧龙湖湿地环境演化及其成因分析

以卧龙湖湿地的基本概况和有关监测资料为基础,对卧龙湖湿地的历史演变规律以及1975~2004年湖水位观测数据和调查资料进行分析,研究近29年来卧龙湖水位的变化趋势和水位下降的成因.运用水量平衡计算方法,得出气候、水文等自然因素和人为因素是导致近30年来入湖水量减少和水位下降的根本原因.     

安徽霍邱李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿床地质特征及矿床成因类型

霍邱铁矿田位于华北地台南缘,处于北淮阳山字型构造脊柱部位.李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿床置于霍邱铁矿田中部.该矿床主要产于新太古界霍邱群变质岩系中,矿体赋存于富镁碳酸盐中,矿石类型可以分为菱镁矿磁铁矿石和蛇纹石磁铁矿石,各占25%.成矿物质来源于变质岩系的多层、分散的含铁建造矿源层中.依据矿床地质特征,结合矿石同位素地质和测年结果,认为李老庄铁矿-菱镁矿铁矿床为一新太古代海相火山-沉积变质型矿床.     

The phase difference effects on 3-D structure of wave pressure acting on a composite breakwater

In designing the coastal structures, the accurate estimation of the wave forces on them is of great importance. In this paper, the influences of the phase difference on wave pressure acting on a composite breakwater installed in the three-dimensional (3-D) wave field are studied numerically. We extend the earlier model [Hur, D.S., Mizutani, N., 2003. Coastal Engineering 47, 329–345] to simulate 3-D wave fields by introducing 3-D Navier–Stokes solver with the Smagorinsky's sub-grid scale (SGS) model. For the validation of the model, the wave field around a 3-D asymmetrical structure installed on a submerged breakwater, in which the complex wave deformations generate, is simulated, and the numerical solutions are compared to the experimental data reported by Hur, Mizutani, Kim [2004. Coastal Engineering (51, 407–420)]. The model is then adopted to investigate 3-D characteristics of wave pressure and force on a caisson of composite breakwater, and the numerical solutions were discussed with respect to the phase difference between harbor and seaward sides induced by the transmitted wave through the rubble mound or the diffraction. The numerical results reveal that wave forces acting on the composite breakwater are significantly different at each cross-section under influence of wave diffraction that is important parameter on 3-D wave interaction with coastal structures.