均生函数模型预报检验

通过对均生函数时间序列模型所作多种类型的预报进行检验发现,均生函数模型不但对观测统计值（如年、月平均值）而且对瞬时观测值（如最高气温）也有很好的效果;不但对平稳变化（如温度）而且对急剧起伏量（如太阳黑子）也有令人满意的结果。文中同时提出了改进均生函数模型的方法。     

Improvement of astronomical refraction by mapping function

In this paper we used the method of generator function to gave an improved mapping function of astronomical refraction, separately for optical and radio frequencies. We included a complete consideration of the corrections introduced by the physical and geophysical factors required in astronomy and space techniques. We used sounding balloon data to assess the actual accuracy of our corrected refraction formula. The result is 5″ at elevation 2° and 1″ at elevation 5°. We believe that the main factor that limits the accuracy is departure of the model atmosphere from the real atmosphere.     

桂中1井井中化探指标的异常特征和指示意义

井中化探作为一种新的油气监测和早期盆地勘查评价的地球化学技术越来越引起人们的关注,文章优选了酸解烃（SC1-SC4）、热释烃（RC1-RC4）、二维荧光（FL327、FL327、FL399）、后生碳酸盐（△C）和热释汞（Hg）等作为评价指标,通过对桂中1井各种化探指标的异常特征分析,表明区内存在油气生成潜力,并指出了其主要生油气层段和储油气层段。     

日月引潮力与地震

本文通过对 1 90 0～ 1 996年全球的M≥ 7.0的全部地震发生在日、月引潮力极值与非极值附近的轮次检验 ,从而揭示出地震的发生与日月引潮力有着密切的关系。并根据日、月引潮力的计算结果 ,从现代构造应力场特征与强震的震源机制 ,讨论了在地震的触发中起重要作用的可能是引潮力的水平分力。     

海上试验场潮流能发电装置综合测试与评价方法分析

通过对潮流能装置的功率输出特性、年发电量、能量转换效率3项核心指标进行分析,提出指标的测试内容和评价方法,为实现潮流能海上试验与测试场建设提供技术依据;并根据对海上风电场的研究,提出了海上试验场潮流能装置的电能质量测试与评估方法;给出潮流能装置安全准入的测试内容,全面评估试验场潮流能装置的运行状态。     

影响广西的快速台风

统计分析了历年(1949～2001年)影响广西的快速台风的天气气候情况及环流背景,得出此类台风产生、移动的一般规律以及预报思路,为提高此类台风的预报准确率提供有益的参考。     

The formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates: insights from the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

ABSTRACT

Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are widely developed in continental slope areas, which can provide sufficient gas for hydrate formation, and they are important for finding natural gas hydrates. Based on the interpretation and analysis of high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data covering the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea, we studied the formation mechanism of mud diapirs and gas chimneys and their relationship with natural gas hydrates. Mud diapirs and gas chimneys are columnar and domelike in shape and the internal regions of these bodies have abnormal reflections characterized by fuzzy, chaotic, and blanking zones. The reflection events terminate at the rims of mud diapirs and gas chimneys with pull-up reflections and pull-down reflections, respectively. In addition, ‘bright spots’ and diapiric-associated faults occur adjacent to mud diapirs and gas chimneys. The rapidly deposited and deeply buried fine sediments filling in the Tertiary in deep-water areas of the QDNB and overpressure potential derived from undercompacted mudstones, as well as from the pressurization of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation, provide abundant materials and intensive driving forces for the formation of mud diapirs and gas chimneys. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) with strong amplitude and high or poor continuity were recognized atop the mud diapirs and gas chimneys and in the structural highs within the same region, indicating that they have a close relationship with each other. The mud diapirs and gas chimneys and associated high-angle faults provide favourable vertical pathways for the hydrocarbons migrating from deep strata to shallow natural gas hydrate stability zones where natural gas hydrates accumulate; however, some BSRs are characterized by weak amplitude and poor continuity, which can be affected by high temperature and overpressure in the process of the mud diapir and gas chimney activities. This mutually restricting relationship must be taken into consideration in the process of gas hydrate exploration in QDNB.     

The characteristics of tectonic stress field about strike slip earthquake－generating structure in the Chinese mainland

（环文林，汪素云，宋昭仪）Ｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄａｂｏｕｔｓｔｒｉｋｅｓｌｉｐｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ－ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄ￥Ｗｅｎ－Ｌｉｎ...     

层状断层与地震关系初探

通过讨论层状断层的性质、特点以及与正断层、逆断层和走滑断层的相互关系,探讨了大陆板内地震的发震机制,指出许多地震的震源位于层状断层面上,有些地震在地表找不到相应的地震构造的原因是由层间滑动所引起。     

Sandstorms and desertification

1 Sandstorm and Damage Over the last twenty years resources exploitation and utilization have been quickened on the one hand and on the other hand the impact has also been exterted on natural eco-environment along with the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production. Resultant sandstorms from aggrevated desertification due to excessive reclamation and overgrazing induced desertification have become a frequent disasterous weather occurred in spring in northern China which tends …