基于保幅波动方程的广义高阶屏地震偏移成像方法

原始地震数据中饱含丰富的反映相位的走时信息和反映反射率的振幅信息。基于波场延拓理论的波动方程保幅地震偏移成像,是在给出正确构造成像位置的同时也给出真实反射振幅的有效完善。基于全声波方程,利用严格的解耦理论进行单程波动保幅分解,得到一个由波场传播项与振幅补偿项构成的,在走时与振幅上满足全声波方程对应的程函方程与输运方程的保幅单程波动方程;利用摄动理论进行单平方根算子渐进展开,推导出基于保幅波动方程的广义高阶屏地震偏移算子方程。模型测试和实际资料处理表明,该方法不但可以凭借更准确的相位归位和散射能量聚焦提高构造成像精度,而且输出了能更正确反映地下反射属性的能量信息,从而可以为更深层次的勘探开发,提供地球物理技术支撑。     

太阳风在地球激波前兆区减速的统计研究

本文首次利用完全相同两颗卫星（CLUSTER C1和C3）的数据对地球激波前兆区太阳风的减速和偏转特性进行了统计研究.结果表明,在激波前兆坐标系中,太阳风减小的速度随观测点到激波的距离D_BS增大而减小,随行星际磁场与激波法向夹角θ_BN增大也减小,在ULF波动区深度D_WS小于6R_e(R_e为地球半径)的范围内最为显著;伴随着太阳风减速的另外一个现象——太阳风的偏转,也存在相似的规律.其最大减速和最大偏转角度分别为10 km/s和3°.太阳风减速和偏转,以及随之变化的太阳风动压,可能会引起地球磁层顶位置和形状发生改变,同时也为激波前兆区弥散（diffuse）离子的起源及加热提供了一种可能的机制.     

Exact solution of earth-flattening transformation for P-SV waves: Taking surface wave as an example

Taking surface wave as an example this paper proposes an exact solution of earth-flattening transformation for P-SV waves and discusses the applicability of the approximate methods. The results show that the transform parameter m has little influence on the final results, and on the condition of short wave approximation, approximate earth-flattening transformation is suitable. Moreover, the efficiency of approximate transformation is twice of that of exact transformation. For low frequency problems exact earth-flattening transformation should be used.     

Water and nutrient fluxes off Northwest Africa

A historical data set is used to describe the coastal transition zone off Northwest Africa during spring 1973 and fall 1975, from 17° to 26°N, with special emphasis on the interaction between subtropical (North Atlantic Central Waters) and tropical (South Atlantic Central Waters) gyres. The near-surface geostrophic circulation, relative to 300 m, is quite complex. Major features are a large cyclonic pattern north of Cape Blanc (21°N) and offshore flow at the Cape Verde front. The large cyclone occurs in the region of most intense winds, and resembles a large meander of the baroclinic southward upwelling jet. The Cape Verde frontal system displays substantial interleaving that may partly originate as mesoscale features at the coastal upwelling front. Property–property diagrams show that the front is an effective barrier to all properties except temperature. The analysis of the Turner angle suggests that the frontal system is characterized by large heat horizontal diffusion as a result of intense double diffusion, which results in the smoothing of the temperature horizontal gradients. Nine cross-shore sections are used to calculate along-shore geostrophic water-mass and nutrient transports and to infer exchanges between the coastal transition zone and the deep ocean (import: deep ocean to transition zone; export: transition zone to deep ocean). These exchanges compare well with mean wind-induced transports and actual geostrophic cross-shore transport estimates. The region is divided into three areas: southern (18–21°N), central (21–23.5°N), and northern (23.5–26°N). In the northern area geostrophic import is roughly compensated with wind-induced export during both seasons. In the central area geostrophic import is greater than wind-induced export during spring, resulting in net import of both water (0.8 Sv) and nitrate (14 kmol s⁻¹), but during fall both factors again roughly cancel. In the southern area geostrophy and wind join to export water and nutrients during both seasons, they increase from 0.6 Sv and 3 kmol s⁻¹ during fall to 2.9 Sv and 53 kmol s⁻¹ during spring.     

改进的等参逆变换算法在耦合场分析中的应用

实际工程有限元计算中涉及多个物理场的相关分析或耦合分析时场变量之间的数据传递问题非常重要,往往会遇到等参逆变换的需求。分析并指出现有等参逆变换所存在问题,给出了新的改进算法,即在网格内采用新方法进行等参逆变换,在网格外采用距离加权法进行插值传递,并详细说明本算法实施关键。对一大型拱坝施工过程中的温度场和应力应变场耦合分析问题进行研究,结果表明所提出方法具有简便实用、高效和满足工程精度等特点,可应用于实际工程。     

A new framework for evaluating along-wind responses of a transmission tower

In this paper, an analytical framework to evaluate the along-wind-induced dynamic responses of a transmission tower is presented. Two analytical models and a new method are developed: (1) a higher mode generalized force spectrum (GFS) model of the transmission tower is deduced; (2) an analytical model that includes the contributions of the higher modes is further derived as a rational algebraic formula to estimate the structural displacement response; and (3) a new approach, applying load with displacement (ALD) instead of force, to solve the internal force of transmission tower is given. Unlike conventional methods, the ALD method can avoid calculating equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). Finally, a transmission tower structure is used as a numerical example to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the ALD method.     

二阶精度广义非线性全局最优的偏移速度反演方法(英文)

如何快速、精确地利用叠前深度偏移进行偏移速度分析是勘探地震学的一项重要研究内容,针对该问题,本文提出一种二阶精度广义非线性全局最优的偏移速度反演方法。我们将首先去掉速度模型修正量与成象深度差呈线性关系的假设,推导出具有二阶精度的速度模型修正量计算公式,使每一次迭代得到的速度模型尽可能地接近实际模型;然后采用广义非线性反演方法反演获得对所有道集的全局最优的速度模型修正量,不仅极大地加快了收敛速度,而且反演过程中陷入局部极小的可能性也减小了。理论模型和Marmousi模型的处理结果表明:本方法精度高、处理速度快,提高了偏移速度分析方法的实用性和对复杂构造成像的准确性。     

基于钻孔数据的含断层地质体三维建模方法

提出了一种构建含断层地质体三维模型的新方法。该方法以广义三棱柱作为建模的基本体元,根据钻孔数据的特点和知识推理规则,进行断层等复杂地质构造的推理和自动建模,避免了不必要的人为干预,扩展了钻孔数据建模的适用范围和表现能力。最后,通过研究实例展示该方法的实际建模效果。      

勘探线剖面三维坐标与剖面图二维坐标转换计算方法

探讨了地质勘探线剖面三维坐标与剖面图二维坐标相互转换方法及其实现过程,建立了数学模型,并通过计算实例进行了验证。主要作法是,根据剖面图的特性选择勘探线剖面地表迹线与勘探基线所在垂直面的交点为转换计算基准点(B),以勘探线剖面内过基准点(B)的水平直线(L)为旋转轴,将勘探线剖面旋转至水平位置;再以基准点(B)为旋转点,将勘探线剖面在水平面内旋转至水平直线(L)成东西向,建立剖面内空间要素旋转前后的关系式,实现三维坐标向二维坐标转换。按相反的操作过程,已知转换后剖面图上点的二维坐标,可以计算出剖面上对应点的三维空间坐标,实现二维坐标向三维坐标转换。     

中主应力对饱和松砂不排水单调剪切特性的影响

利用土工静力-动力液压-三轴扭转多功能剪切仪,针对相对密度为30 %的福建标准砂,在不排水条件下控制主应力方向、中主应力系数、平均主应力保持不变,进行了单调剪切试验。以此着重探讨了中主应力系数对相变有效内摩擦角、峰值有效内摩擦角及有效应力路径的影响。研究表明,中主应力系数对在不排水单调剪切条件下饱和松砂的强度参数具有显著的影响,而对有效应力路径及应力-应变关系发展模式影响较小。基于广义双剪强度准则,从理论上探讨了土的强度参数对于中主应力的依赖性,并与试验结果进行了对比。