厚蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因序列分析及系统发育研究

对我国沿海天津厚蟹6个群体、侧足厚蟹4个群体、伍氏仿厚蟹2个群体和日本仿厚蟹1个群体的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段进行了序列测定;结合从GenBank下载的其他厚蟹序列,分析了厚蟹分子系统发育关系.除天津厚蟹丹东群体的2个个体16S rRNA基因片段长度为526 bp外,其他天津厚蟹和侧足厚蟹均为525 bp;除日照...     

Navigating a complex policy system—Explaining local divergences in Swedish fish stocking policy

Swedish fish stocking policy constitutes an example of the disparate challenges associated with adaptive management theory and the realization thereof. The vast substantial and institutional uncertainties of the policy subsystem have previously been identified as variables that complicate the realization of adaptive policy making. The aim of this paper is to address and tentatively explain differences in regards to how these uncertainties are handled. What regional variances in Swedish fish stocking policy can be distinguished and how can these variations be explained? The empirical analysis shows that Swedish fish stocking policy consists of a wide array of different regional policies. These regional variations are explained by differences in existing implementation resources, policy beliefs and readings of formal regulations. Policy makers can decrease these divergences in two ways; they can either change formal regulations or influence available implementation resources. Both management approaches might have positive as well as negative effects on the subsystem's adaptability.     

福建东山海域柳珊瑚种类空间分布与多样性

调查并分析了福建东山珊瑚省级自然保护区内柳珊瑚的种类多样性及其空间分布,结果表明：（1）共发现柳珊瑚15种,分别属于6科11属,其中新记录属和新记录种各2个,分别为Gua-iagorgia anas和星柳珊瑚（Astrogorgia dumbea）.结合2005年7月和本次对东山柳珊瑚的采样调查,共发现柳珊瑚19种,全部为不含共生藻的种类.（2）东山柳珊瑚优势种为小月柳珊瑚（Menella sp.）、刺柳珊瑚（Echinogorgia sp.）和小尖柳珊瑚（Muricella sp.）.（3）东山柳珊瑚主要分布在实验区,如塔屿东面、铁钉屿南面和龙屿南面,而在缓冲区和核心区也有柳珊瑚分布较为丰富的站位.在靠近主要污染源的站位,未见到或者很少见到柳珊瑚的分布.东山珊瑚保护区内柳珊瑚的空间分布与食物的丰富程度、海流以及陆源输入等都有较大的关系.     

军曹鱼群体遗传结构的AFLP分析

筛选出10对扩增片段长度多态分析技术(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)的选择性扩增引物(E-aga/M-cgt、E-aga/M-cga、E-agc/M-cga、E-agg/M-cga、E-act/M-cgc、E-aag/M-cgc、E-aca/M-cga、E-aac/M-cgc、E-aac/M-cac和E-aac/M-cat),分析了4个军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)全人工繁育群体海南1(HN1)、海南2(HN2)、湛江(ZJ)和流沙湾(LS)的遗传结构。结果表明:总体多态位点比例(83.9%)、分化指数(0.427 8)和Shannon信息指数(0.614 9)均处于较高水平,遗传多样性丰富;主坐标分析和邻位连接树中LS-HN2支与ZJ-HN1支明显分离,各群体内多样性水平存在差异(遗传多样性大小依次为HN1、HN2、LS、ZJ),但总体基因流仍然较大(Nm=10.327),分子方差分析(AMOVA)获得的群内方差(53%)也略大于群间(47%)。     

云南省稻瘟病菌无毒基因的地理分布(英文)

了解稻瘟病菌无毒基因的出现频率及分布,有助于制定有效的合理利用持有不同抗性基因的水稻品种及在多样性种植系统中抗性基因的组合的策略。本文对在云南省11个地(州)采集的稻瘟病菌中无毒基因的出现频率及地理分布进行分析,并利用持有20个抗性基因的水稻单基因系对供试的467个稻瘟病菌株的致病型进行鉴定。结果表明,稻瘟病菌无毒基因在云南省10个地(州)的出现频率差异不显著,而无毒基因在西双纳版纳的出现频率与其它10个地(州)的出现频率之间差异显著;无毒基因Avr-Pi9、Avr-Piz 和 Avr-Pizt 在11个地(州)的稻瘟病菌中出现频率最高,它们的平均检出率在80%以上。本研究结果表明,水稻遗传多样性的组成和分布对于水稻稻瘟病菌遗传多样性的形成和保持比气候和其它环境条件更重要。通过无毒基因的平均出现频率,可将无毒基因划分为4个类群,不同类群的无毒基因出现频率差异显著,而同一类群中的无毒基因出现频率的差异不显著。本研究结果将为水稻抗性基因的评价及稻瘟病有效防控提供有用的信息。     

Preliminary study on mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences and phylogeny of flatfishes （Pleuronectiformes）

A 605 bp section of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from Paralichthys olivaceus, Pseudorhombus cinnamomeus, Psetta maxima and Kareius bicoloratus, which represent 3 families of Order Pleuronectiformes was amplified by PCR and sequenced to show the molecular systematics of Pleuronectiformes for comparison with related gene sequences of other 6 flatfish downloaded from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on genetic distance from related gene sequences of 10 flatfish showed that this method was ideal to explore the relationship between species, genera and families. Phylogenetic trees set-up is based on neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods that accords to the general rule of Pleuronectiformes evolution. But they also resulted in some confusion. Unlike data from morphological characters, P olivaceus clustered with K.bicoloratus, but P cinnamomeus did not cluster with t3. olivaceus, which is worth further studying.     

剑尾鱼IgM基因的克隆及免疫对其组织表达的影响

以免疫两周的剑尾鱼为材料,提取脾脏总RNA,通过逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增出分泌型免疫球蛋白M(secretory immunoglobulin M,sIgM)重链基因的核心序列,再应用3’和5’快速扩增cDNA末端(RACE)方法扩增其末端序列,拼接后获得剑尾鱼sIgM重链全长cDNA序列。全长序列含有免疫球蛋白的信号序列:FKCIANH,得到的5个可变区序列可能来源于4个不同的VH家族。经用半定量RT-PCR分析sIgM在脾脏和头肾的表达变化,初步认为利用剑尾鱼头肾sIgM的mRNA表达变化替代检测血清抗体效价具有可能性。     

一株H_5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中发表的H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列设计2对引物,用RT-PCR方法从禽流感病毒广东分离病毒株(A/Chicken/Guangdong/1997)中扩增HA基因cDNA片段,并将其克隆至pMD-18T载体进行核苷酸序列测定。结果表明:用2对引物所扩增的片段大小分别约为1300 bp和800 bp,经序列拼接获得的HA基因cDNA长度约为1601 bp,编码533个氨基酸,与国内己发表的11个代表株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性为分别为96.9%~99.9%和86.5%~93.0%;HA基因编码的氨基酸序列的系统进化树也表明A/Chicken/Guang-dong/1997、A/Goose/Huadong/01/2000、A/Ck/Hk/37.4/2002、A/Chicken/Zhoukou/2/02、A/Duck/Guangxi/53/2002、A/Duck/Fujian/01/2002等毒株处于同一进化枝,亲缘关系较近;而与A/Silly/Chicken/Hongkong/SF189/01株处于不同进化枝,亲缘关系较远。     

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD AND REARED PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｌａｒｇｅｙｅｌｌｏｗｃｒｏａｋｅｒＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏｃｅａｏｎｃｅｗａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈ ｅｒｙｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｈｏｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 983;ＨｕａｎｇａｎｄＣａｒｌ,1 983;ＣｈｅｎａｎｄＧｏｎｇ ,1 983) .ＴｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｌｄＰ .ｃｒｏｃｅａｉｎ 1 974ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 1 971 78ｍｅｔｒｉｃｔｏｎｓ (ＭＴ)ｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｌｉ,1 998) .Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｏｖｅｒｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ ,ｔｈ…     

Relationship of minimum winter temperature and temperature seasonality to the northern range limit and species richness of trees in North America

Biologists have considered both winter coldness and temperature seasonality as major determinants of the northern limits of plants and animals in the Northern Hemisphere,which in turn drive the well-known latitudinal diversity gradient.However,few studies have tested which of the two climate variables is the primary determinant.In this study,we assess whether winter coldness or temperature seasonality is more strongly associated with the northern latitudinal limits of tree species and with tree species richness in North Amedca.Tree species were recorded in each of 1198 quadrats of 110 km × 110 km in North America.We used correlation and regression analyses to assess the relationship of the latitude of the northern boundary of each species,and of species richness per quadrat,with winter coldness and temperature seasonality.Species richness was analyzed within 38 longitudinal,i.e.,north-south,bands (each being ＞1100 km long and 110 km wide).The latitudes of the north-ern range limits of tree species were three times better correlated with minimum temperatures at those latitudes than with temperature seasonality.On average,minimum temperature and temperature seasonality together explained 81.5％ of the variation in the northern range limits of the tree species examined,and minimum temperature uniquely explained six-fold (33.7％versus 5.8％) more of this variation than did temperature seasonality.Correlations of tree species richness with minimum temperatures were stronger than correlations with tempera-ture seasonality for most of the longitudinal bands analyzed.Compared to temperature sea-sonality,winter coldness is more strongly associated with species distributions at high lati-tudes,and is likely a more important driver of the latitudinal diversity gradient.