电离层延迟对星载InSAR精度的影响

针对电离层对L、P等较长波段的星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)成像产生的相位延迟效应会造成InSAR精度下降的问题,建立电离层相位延迟模型,分析背景电离层TEC对不同波段SAR信号的距离和相位延迟,给出了TEC和SAR相位延迟之间的关系曲线;提出用沿电磁波传播斜距上的电子积分总量STEC来代替垂测TEC,采用简化射线描迹方法进行STEC估计,提高了TEC计算精度;通过仿真实验分析不同TEC分布模型对InSAR精度的影响。实验结果表明,因干涉测量中基线估计的补偿效应,使得成像范围内等量分布的TEC对测量精度无明显影响;成像范围内TEC值随空间位置不同而发生变化时,对InSAR的精度将产生较大影响,需要考虑电离层的校正。     

目标分解的极化SAR影像分割算法

针对斑点噪声严重的高分辨率SAR数据开展智能化影像分割方法研究的不足,该文基于面向对象的思想和极化SAR目标分解理论,提出基于目标分解的面向对象SAR影像分割算法,实现了Pauli基分解分割、Krogager基分解分割、Freeman基分解分割这3种典型的SAR目标分解下的影像分割方法。实验结果表明:所提出的不同极化基下的分割算法取得的结果较为理想、精度高,且整体上具有一致性;对于不同类型的特定目标,Pauli基分解分割算法对道路等表面散射体分割效果较好,Freeman基分解分割算法则更有利于植被等体散射体的分割。     

基于模拟退火和区域划分的海表流场反演算法研究

经典的海洋表面流场迭代反演算法采用固定的校正系数对探测区域进行整体分析和计算,因此耗时较长且反演精度也受到了一定程度的限制。本文提出利用模拟退火算法对反演过程中的校正系数进行优化,使其能根据每一次反演的结果进行自适应的调整和改变,从而减少迭代次数;同时根据流场分布的特点,提出划分探测区域的反演方法,最终,在经典算法的基础上给出了改进的海表流场反演算法。仿真反演实验结果表明,改进后的反演算法,其时效性和精度都有了明显提高。     

散射特性引导的极化SAR图像多尺度分割

为满足不同地物分割的尺度需求,本文提出一种散射特性引导的极化SAR图像多尺度分割算法.该算法以分水岭初始分割为基础,通过迭代合并相邻区域获取极化SAR图像在不同尺度下的分割结果;以极化散射功率为特征,将地物按尺度相似性划分成表面散射、二次散射和体散射3种散射类型;以分割质量评价为指导,从多尺度分割结果中为每种散射类型地物选取适宜的分割尺度并进行叠置合成,形成最终分割结果.ESAR系统获取的L波段极化SAR数据验证了该算法的可行性.     

基于最小二乘平差的全极化SAR配准偏移量估计方法

全极化合成孔径雷达影像(PolSAR)相对单极化SAR影像有更加丰富的地表信息。为了提高SAR影像偏移量跟踪技术估算偏移量的精度,提出一种基于最小二乘平差法的全极化SAR数据偏移量估计方法。首先利用全极化SAR不同极化通道数据估算偏移量得到多个观测值,然后通过最小二乘平差法对多余观测值循环剔除粗差得到最优偏移量。文中选取美国科罗拉多州湖城(Lake city)区域的两景JPL无人机UAVSAR全极化SAR影像进行实验,结果表明,文中新方法具有良好的粗差探测和去除功能,相对于已有研究结果,在方位向和距离向的偏移量估算精度都有明显提高,达到15%~25%。新方法提高了偏移量跟踪估算偏移量的精度,这对利用偏移量跟踪技术监测滑坡、地震及冰川等有重要的意义。     

一种异源多视影像的立体定位方法

针对如何最大可能地联合现有的海量主被动遥感数据进行复合式立体定位处理、摆脱传统同源光学立体数据源限制的问题,该文提出一种异源多视遥感影像的立体定位方法,将任意数目比例的、具有共同重叠区域的多幅CCD和SAR影像纳入到统一的立体构像体系中。通过一系列算法设计包括统一有理函数模型(RFM)构建、基于RFM的像方立体平差、立体空间前方交会等,以及同源两视和异源多视两种观测组合下的立体试验,证明本方法摈弃了传统同源立体对数据源的苛刻限制,充分发挥了CCD和SAR载荷的互补优势,同时确保了最终立体定位的精度。     

Simulation analysis on the relationship between the leaf area index and polarimetric parameters of crops

Abstract

The leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter to quantitatively describe the structure of vegetation and crops. Uncertainty in the relationship between the LAI and polarimetric parameters is the key problem for LAI estimation from polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data. However, the existing POLSAR data have difficulties meeting the demand of the aforementioned research. This paper analyses the correlations between the LAI and the polarimetric parameters derived from Cloude and Freeman decompositions using simulated POLSAR data based on a coherent scattering model for maize and wheat. The results show: (1) The POLSAR data at C-band with a large incidence angle (40 degrees) are very suitable for finding the LAI for maize and wheat. (2) For maize there is a strong correlation between the scattering type angle and the LAI at C-band with a large incidence angle, and the coherency entropy, anisotropy, and the power of the double-bounce scattering power component also have significant correlations with the LAI. (3) For wheat at C-band with a high incidence angle, although the correlation coefficient is low, there is still a correlation between the entropy, anisotropy and LAI. Besides, the volume scattering is suitable for extracting the LAI for wheat at X-band.     

基于稀疏特征的SAR影像质量提高方法

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据分布的尖峰性和重尾性,通过研究SAR影像强度的分布规律,提出了基于稀疏特征的SAR影像质量提高方法。首先对SAR影像的基础数据进行压缩分布处理和稀疏先验分布处理,得到质量较好的灰度影像;再利用基于模糊理论的SAR影像对比度增强算法增强了SAR影像的自适应对比度,大幅提升SAR影像的显示效果;最后利用实测数据验证了该方法的有效性。     

新疆雨田煤矿3-3号特厚煤层综采放顶煤条件下坚硬顶板处理技术

新疆托克逊县雨田煤矿含煤地层为侏罗系下统八道湾组,3-3号煤层厚度大、结构简单,为该矿的主采煤层。由于受坚硬顶板条件的制约,一直沿用"刀柱式采煤法",不仅回采率低,同时存在重大的安全隐患。根据煤层顶板物理力学性质测定结果,结合矿井3-3号煤层的赋存条件,确定工作面的顶板管理采用"超前工作面深孔预爆破控制坚硬顶板"的方式。该技术有效的提高了回采的安全性,顶板基本随采随冒,工作面无明显冲击来压现象,支架载荷变化平缓,资源回收率大幅提高。     

Exploring the Potential of Mapping Cropping Patterns on Smallholder Scale Croplands Using Sentinel-1 SAR Data

It is of paramount importance to have sustainable agriculture since agriculture is the backbone of many nations’ economic development. Majority of agricultural professionals rarely capture the cropping patterns necessary to promote Good Agricultural Practises.Objective of this research is to explore the potential of mapping cropping patterns occurring on different field parcels on small-scale farmlands in Zimbabwe. The first study location under investigation are the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) research station and a few neighboring fields, the second is Middle Sabi Estate. Fourier time series modeling was implemented to determine the trends befalling on the two study sites. Results reveal that Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR) time series allow detection of subtle changes that occur to the crops and fields respectively, hence can be utilized to detect cropping patterns on small-scale farmlands. Discrimination of the main crops(maize and soybean) grown at CIMMYT was possible, and crop rotation was synthesized where sowing starts in November. A single cropping of early and late crops was observed, there were no winter crops planted during the investigation period. At Middle Sabi Estate, single cropping on perennial sugarcane fields and triple cropping of fields growing leafy vegetables, tomatoes and onions were observed. Classification of stacked images was used to derive the crop rotation maps representing what is practised at the farming lands. Random forest classification of the multi-temporal image stacks achieved overall accuracies of 99% and 95% on the respective study sites. In conclusion, Sentinel-1 time series can be implemented effectively to map the cropping patterns and crop rotations occurring on small-scale farming land. We recommend the use of Sentinel-1 SAR multi-temporal data to spatially explicitly map cropping patterns of single-, double-and triple-cropping systems on both small-scale and large-scale farming areas to ensure food security.