A proposed frequency spectrum for fully developed wind waves by revisiting P-M spectrum

It is generally believed that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectrum is in the form of the −4 rather than −5 power law. However, in the widely applied P-M spectrum the equilibrium range is given in the form of −5 power law. In the present paper, a spectrum for full development of wind waves is proposed using the form of the Neumann spectrum, but adopting the −4 power law for the equilibrium range. The proposed spectrum has been verified with NDBC buoy data and could be a substitute for the P-M spectrum.     

缔合勒让德函数的标准向前按列递推公式

针对推导扇谐项（次等于阶的项）和准扇谐项（次等于阶减1的项）存在不严谨性的问题,给出基于fnALFs的2个导数定积分按列递推公式,结果与已有的研究结论完全一致,但推导过程更简明,且该定积分公式可从第2阶开始递推。另外,本文还给出另外2个fnALFs定积分计算公式。     

完全规格化缔合勒让德函数常用递推算法的适用性

完全规格化缔合勒让德函数递推算法的适用性是衡量算法优劣的重要标志。从第一相对数值精度、第二相对数值精度和计算速度等方面对4种常用的递推算法--标准向前列递推算法、标准向前行递推算法、跨阶次递推算法和Belikov递推算法的适用性进行分析。结果表明,标准向前行递推算法适用范围最小;对于cosθ∈[－1,1],在1 900阶内,标准向前列递推算法、跨阶次递推算法和Belikov递推算法均适用,且第1种算法速度最快;在3 000阶内,跨阶次递推算法和Belikov递推算法适用,且后者更优。     

船体线型曲面局部修改法研究

为建立一个简便、多功能的船体曲面修改和生成系统,提出一种船体线型曲面局部修改法,求解船体曲面修改问题。方法采用NURBS曲面技术,对曲面连接满足连续的充分条件推导,保证了局部曲面与外部曲面的光顺连接,控制顶点移动方程组的建立使得新曲面的表达简单直接,最后以某平台供应船船体曲面的修改为算例对方法进行验证,得到一个满足修改要求、光顺平滑的船体新曲面。该方法可应用于数字化造船和改进数学船型方法,也可推广应用于海洋平台等其他领域的曲面拟合、修改和生成。     

Predicting Global Seafloor Topography Using Multi-Source Data

A new one-minute global seafloor topography model was derived from vertical gravity gradient anomalies (VGG), altimetric gravity anomalies, and ship soundings. Ship soundings are used to constrain seafloor topography at wavelengths longer than 200 km and to calibrate the topography to VGG (or gravity) ratios at short wavelengths area by area. VGG ratios are used to predict seafloor topography for wavelength bands of 100–200 km and to suppress the effect of crust isostasy. Gravity anomalies are used to recover seafloor topography at wavelengths shorter than 100 km. The data processing procedure is described in detail in this paper. The accuracy of the model is evaluated using ship soundings and existing models, including General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans (GEBCO), DTU10, ETOPO1, and SIO V15.1. The results show that, in the discussed regions, the accuracy of the model is better than ETOPO1, GEBCO, and DTU10. Additionally, the model is comparable with V15.1, which is generally believed to have the highest accuracy. In the north-central Pacific Ocean, the accuracy of the model increased by approximately 29.5% compared with the V15.1 model. This indicates that a more accurate seafloor topography model can be formed by combining gravity anomalies, VGG, and ship soundings.     

MOSES软件在系泊浮体运动计算中的应用研究

采用MOSES软件计算某起重船迎浪下的水动力性能和运动响应,并对该船进行缩尺比为1:50的模型试验。通过软件计算结果和试验结果的对比,分析计算模型的网格划分、二阶波浪力计算方法和粘性阻尼等关键参数的选取对MOSES计算系泊浮体运动的影响,为MOSES软件在系泊下运动计算方面提出建议。     

Fully Nonlinear Simulations of Wave Resonance by An Array of Cylinders in Vertical Motions

The finite element method (FEM) is employed to analyze the resonant oscillations of the liquid confined within multiple or an array of floating bodies with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface and the body surface in two dimensions. The velocity potentials at each time step are obtained through the FEM with 8-node quadratic shape functions. The finite element linear system is solved by the conjugate gradient (CG) method with a symmetric successive overelaxlation (SSOR) preconditioner. The waves at the open boundary are absorbed by the combination of the damping zone method and the Sommerfeld-Orlanski equation. Numerical examples are given by an array of floating wedge- shaped cylinders and rectangular cylinders. Results are provided for heave motions including wave elevations, profiles and hydrodynamic forces. Comparisons are made in several cases with the results obtained from the second order solution in the time domain. It is found that the wave amplitude in the middle region of the array is larger than those in other places, and the hydrodynamic force on a cylinder increases with the cylinder closing to the middle of the array.     

我国实施大洋钻探工程的初步设想

约占地球面积71%的海洋里蕴藏着海量的地质、生物、气候等信息和丰富的资源,我国“十三五”国家科技创新规划中,将“深海、深地、深空、深蓝科学研究”列为战略性前瞻性重大科学问题,并将“国际大洋发现计划（IODP）列为5项国际大科学计划和大科学工程之一。但在深海钻探,作业环境和条件都较陆地上更加复杂,对钻探船、钻探工艺、环保措施、施工组织管理等都是严峻的考验。本文在概述大洋钻探的意义和成果,回顾世界大洋钻探的演进史和工程实施概况以及我国参加大洋钻探情况的基础上,针对大洋钻探的钻井特点和地层条件,探讨了海洋科学钻探取心技术、超深水条件的重入钻孔技术、跟管钻进下套管技术、超深水条件的泥浆循环等关键技术问题,提出了我国实施大洋钻探工程的初步设想。     

振荡交换-抽滤淋洗结合凯氏定氮法快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量

测定土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的行业标准方法(LY/T1243—1999)是采取离心分离结合手工蒸馏进行滴定,耗时长、操作繁琐。为了缩短反应时间,提高检测效率,本文利用乙酸铵对酸性和中性土壤进行处理,用氯化铵-乙酸铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,应用振荡和抽滤装置快速交换和清洗阳离子,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对吸附的铵根离子进行测定,由此计算CEC值。结果表明:在最佳的振荡和蒸馏时间、滴定酸浓度、指示剂配比等实验条件下,一个批次样品(100件)的分析流程仅需要12h,比传统方法检测时间缩短近80%。经国家标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,5次测定的相对标准偏差均小于1. 5%。本方法免去了多次离心分离操作,解决了待测成分损失、CEC测定值偏低的问题,提高了检测效率和准确度,较林业标准方法的成本低,可操作性强,适用于土壤环境质量评价、地区土壤抽样调查等大批量土壤样品分析。