珠江三角洲地区近30年降雨变化趋势及其与气溶胶的关系

基于珠江三角洲地区1980~2010年0.5°×0.5°经纬度网格的逐月降水资料,利用Mann-Kendall秩次相关法,对珠江三角洲地区近30年的降雨趋势特征进行了分析。研究表明:珠三角地区2~4月降雨量存在显著下降趋势,而6~9月降雨量有显著的上升趋势。从气溶胶的角度对这种趋势产生的原因进行了分析,针对珠三角地区2~4月和6~9月不同的降雨类型,提出气溶胶物质的增多在一定程度上抑制了2~4月锋面雨的形成,而对6~9月台风雨的产生也存在可能影响的假设,并从降雨机制上进行了解释。     

海河南系“96.8”特大暴雨的天气剖析

利用实测资料、Ｔ６３模式和云图资料对海河南海“９６．８”特大暴雨的天气学分析发现,特大暴雨发生在副高连续北跳和副热带环流强经向型的背景下;副高、台风、中低空急流和东北路径弱冷空气的协同作用,形成稳定的暴雨云图;海河南系的ＭＣＣ发展造成了暴雨连续发生。     

广西南流江口海域盐度的锋面特征及其与环境因子的关系

本文通过1998年10月和1999年1月、4月、8月4个季度月的调查资料，对南流江口海域盐度锋面特征的形成及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析研究．结果表明：该海域盐度的锋面特征随季节变化较大，春季突出了南流江径流的影响作用，夏、秋季则突出了北上海流和西向沿岸流的顶托影响作用，冬季则由合浦沿岸水及南流江径流综合影响所形成；相关分析显示，盐度与环境因子之间的关系，除径流影响较小的冬季外，多具有密切关系，而且除pH外，均表现为负相关．其中以与溶解态N、P、Si的相关性最好，都达到了高度显著水平，与COD、SS的关系次之，其余形态氮多以良好负相关出现，而形态磷的相关性都表现较差．显然，南流江径流对北海湾溶解性N、P、Si贡献最大，这是导致该湾N明显偏高、P成为赤潮诱发因子、Si成为最丰富营养盐的主要原因．     

Role of Kuroshio frontal eddy in exchange between shelf water and Kuroshio water in East China Sea

Basic patterns of the reversal of the Kuroshio water toward the shelf, intrusion of the shelf mixed waterinto the Kuroshio and uplifting of the near-bottom nutrient-rich water into the upper layer by the pumping of the frontal eddy are analyzed on the basis of satellite infrared images and hydrologic, chemical and biological observations. Results show that the Kuroshio frontal eddies play a very important role in the exchange between the shelf water and the Kuroshio water. The estimation of the average volume transports for three frontal eddy events indicates that the shelf mixed water entrained by an eddy into Kuroshio is 0.44×10~6 m3/s and the reversal Kuroshio water onto the shelf region only 0.04×10~6 m3/s. Along the whole shelf edge, the volume transport of the shelf mixed water entrained by the eddies into the Kuroshio is 1.8×10~6 m3/s. The nutrient (NO3-N) flux pumped to the euphotic zone and input to the continental shelf through a column with 1 m wide is 974 μmol/(s·m) when there is frontal eddy and only 79 μmol/(s·m) in the case of no frontal eddy. Yearly nutrient (NO3-N) flux input to the shelf area caused by the frontal eddy is 1.7×10~5 t/a.     

2016年广东一次罕见寒潮雨雪冰冻天气过程分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2016年1月下旬广东罕见大范围雨雪冰冻天气过程的大尺度环流和冷空气活动特征、动力和水汽条件,采用湿球温度讨论了降水相态和大气温度垂直结构特征。结果表明：此次寒潮过程环流形势为横槽转竖型,横槽下摆引导强冷空气向南迅猛爆发,以及伴随着异常强的冷高压、锋区、冷温度中心和冷温度平流的冷空气主力南侵,是本次寒潮过程粤北和广东中南部温度陡降的主要原因;700 hPa冷暖空气的辐合,以及700 hPa西南气流从孟加拉湾输送水汽经中南半岛北部到北部湾至华南地区加强并辐合,是造成雨雪冰冻天气产生的重要动力和水汽条件;在有利的大尺度环流、动力和水汽条件配合下,降水相态的变化与暖层强度及湿球温度密切相关,暖层的明显减弱及暖层下方湿球温度低于0 ℃冷冻层的强度增强,导致降水相态由雨向雪、雨夹雪、霰等固态降水转变;在发生固态降水的平均时段内,粤北地区中低层湿球温度均低于0 ℃,无明显融化作用,产生纯雪或雨夹雪的可能性大;而位置偏南的珠江三角洲地区仍存在浅薄的暖层,因此主要出现雨夹雪或霰。当寒潮入侵涉及华南降水相态预报时,需要注重实况探空和模式预报探空的大气温湿垂直结构的分析,更应重视湿球温度的研究和应用。     

乌泊尔断裂带构造几何学与运动学

乌泊尔断裂带位于帕米尔构造结东北缘,作为揭示青藏高原形成与演化历史的关键地区之一,为碰撞造山作用提供了详细信息,因此厘清乌泊尔断裂带关键构造的形成演化具有重要意义。为研究该断裂带的几何学与运动学特征,本文利用钻测井资料、二维地震反射资料、DEM 高程资料以及喀什地区1∶100 000地质图,以断层相关褶皱理论为指导,对乌泊尔断裂带进行精细构造解析。研究认为,乌泊尔断裂沿走向至少可分为东、西两段,西段构造变形强烈,而东段较弱,构造样式沿断裂走向上有较大差异;垂直于构造走向上可划分出两个等倾角区;乌泊尔地区的变形最早于中新世早期开始,自上新世以来构造变形强烈,乌泊尔断裂在该区域的活动起始于第四纪,具有幕式活动的特点;通过断层相关褶皱分析得到,自中新世至上新世,断裂东段的构造缩短量至少为9.47 km,第四纪以来的构造缩短量至少为11.65 km。第四系生长地层的内部结构受控于基底叠瓦构造和乌泊尔断裂,明确深浅构造的关系能较好得限定研究区关键构造的形成演化过程,可作为复杂构造解析的有效方法。     

反射红外光谱法研究改性超滤膜

采用漫反射及衰减全反射红外技术,快速鉴定酞侧基聚砜膜的改性水平,得到了磺化后－ＳＯ３Ｈ基团的红外光谱差谱。     

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A CASE STUDY OF FRONTAL CYCLOGENESIS AND ITS SENSITIVITY TO COASTAL INITIAL CONDITIONS

In this study,the predictability and physical processes leading to the rapid frontal cyclogenesis,that took place in the east coast of the U.S.during 3—4 October 1987,are examined using a nested-grid.mesoscale model with a fine-mesh grid size of 25km.It is shown that the model reproducesreasonably well the cyclogenesis in a coastal baroclinic zone.its subsequent deepening and movementas well as the pertinent precipitation.It is found that the frontal cyclogenesis occurs in a favorablelarge-scale environment with pronounced thermal advection in the lower troposphere and markedpotential vorticity(PV)concentration aloft associated with the tropopause depression.The transportof warm and moist air from the marine boundary layer by the low-level in-shore flow provides thenecessary energy source for the observed heavy precipitation and a variety of weather phenomenareported in the cold sector.Several 24-h sensitivity simulations are performed to examine the relative importance of diabaticheating,adiabatic dynamics and various initial conditions in the frontal cyclogenesis.It is found thatlatent heat release,even though quite intense,accounts for only 25% of the cyclone's total deepeningin this case:the weak impact seems due to the occurrence of latent heating in the cold sector and theupward lifting of the dynamical tropopause by diabatic updrafts.Vorticity budgets show that the low-level thermal advection dominates the incipient stage,whereas the vorticity advection determines therapid deepening rate at the mature stage.The results reveal that the predictability of the presentstorm is closely related to the vertical coupling between the surface cyclone and the upper-level PVcore,which is in turn determined by initial offshore perturbations in the lower troposphere.