Interannual Variation of Freshwater in the Yellow and East China Seas: Roles of the Changjiang Discharge and Wind Forcing

The interannual variation of the behavior of Changjiang freshwater has been investigated using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). Five experiments are described in this study. Three basic experiments (Exps. B1, B2 and B3) were performed to examine the freshwater behavior in response to annual variations of the Changjiang discharge in normal, wet and dry years, respectively. Thereafter, the freshwater variation was investigated with the model forced by primary-interannual variations of river discharge with an 8-year period (Exp. I1) and a wind field with a 3.6-year period (Exp. I2). In Exp. B1, the average residence time of freshwater is roughly estimated to be 681.4 days in the Yellow Sea (YS) and 353.4 days in the combined area of the East China Sea (ECS) and the Chinese Coast (CC). This difference is attributed to the current pattern in each region and freshwater exchange among the regions. The interannual variation of freshwater volume in Exp. I1 has a large amplitude and long phase lag in the YS (38 km³ and 1.6-year against primary-interannual discharge variation), while there are relatively small amplitudes and short phase lags in the ECS (18 km³ and 0.7-year) and the CC (14 km³ and 0.5-year). It is concluded that the difference in the freshwater behavior results from the difference in the average residence time in each region.     

黄河三角洲淡水浮游动物名录

1996年对黄河三角洲9条代表性河流和3座代表性水库进行了2－6次浮游动物调查，共鉴定出浮游动物144种，隶属于47科85属。盾额隆背Sou(Bunopsscutiforons)为山东省新记录。     

南美白对虾淡养过程中虾池水质测定与分析

对 4个南美白对虾淡化养殖虾池池水的温度、盐度、p H值、溶解氧、营养盐 (硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵盐、磷酸盐 )、叶绿素 a的变化进行了测定和分析 ,结果表明 :( 1 ) 4个虾池池水的温度为 2 3～ 2 9℃ ,盐度为 1 .1 0 0～ 1 .5 0 0 ,p H值为 8.1～ 8.8,溶解氧质量浓度为 4.84～ 6.95mg/L,基本适合南美白对虾生长过程中对水质的要求 ;( 2 ) 4个虾池池水中的无机氮和无机磷含量几乎全部超过富营养化阈值 ,其质量浓度的平均值分别为 0 .436mg/L和 0 .1 5 3mg/L。硝酸盐是总氮的主要存在形式 ,铵盐与亚硝酸盐在水体中的含量较高 ,但均低于南美白对虾要求的安全质量浓度 ,其质量浓度平均值分别为 82 .2 3μg/L和 5 5 .0 5μg/L。叶绿素 a含量很高 ,但在各虾池池水中的含量变化不一 ,与无机氮含量呈负相关。N/P值为 0 .5 8～ 1 1 .5 8,个别虾池达 32 .5 6,但各虾池绝大部分时间的 N/P值为 5以下。     

我国海洋自然保护区管理刍议

本文分析了我国海洋自然保护区管理的现状、存在问题及其原因,指出了加强管理的必要性,提出了建立健全管理机构、制订长远规划和年度计划、强化法制管理、大力进行宣传教育和积极发挥保护区多功能作用等有效管理的建议。     

云南滇池无齿蚌的分布与环境

滇池为云贵高原最大的淡水湖,湖中软体动物及介形类等水生生物非常丰富,尤其是软体动物的无齿蚌(Anodonta)更为丰富,种类多,个体数量大。本文探讨滇池无齿蚌的种类、分布,及其与水体温度、透明度、pH值等水域环境的关系。     

大武夷自然保护区群网建设设想

界定了大武夷山区域的范围,阐述了其生态特征及其地位.对其生物多样性保护现状进行了深入的分析,指出存在的主要问题:⑴自然保护区呈分散性岛状分布,具明显的岛屿生物地理学特征,生物多样性保护的功能受到明显限制;⑵自然保护区的生境还未得到根本改善,许多重点保护物种仍呈减少态势;⑶自然保护区与区域经济发展的矛盾较突出.提出了大武夷自然保护区群网建设的概念性设想以及需要着重解决的5个关键问题.     

淡水养殖珍珠的矿物组成特征

采用粉末X射线衍射分析及显微激光拉曼光谱对三角帆蚌养殖珍珠的矿物组成进行了研究。结果表明，浙江诸暨产三角帆蚌淡水珍珠的矿物组成主要为文石。在无商业价值的部分珍珠中存在六方碳钙石。其中具珍珠光泽的珍珠层一般呈半透明状，均为文石组成；无珍珠光泽的不透明层有时由文石组成，有时由六方碳钙石组成。三角帆蚌淡水养殖珍珠中不存在方解石，这与海水养殖珍珠中存在方解石明显不同。     

Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia

Although reserve (or field) growth has proved to be an important contributing factor in adding new reserves in mature petroleum basins, it is a poorly understood phenomenon. Although several papers have been published on the U.S. fields, there are only a few publications on fields in other petroleum provinces. This paper explores the reserve growth in the 42 largest West Siberian oil fields that contain about 55% of the basin's total oil reserves.The West Siberian oil fields show 13-fold reserve growth 20 years after the discovery year and only about 2-fold growth after the first production year. This difference in growth is attributed to extensive exploration and field delineation activities between discovery and the first production year. Because of the uncertainty in the length of evaluation time and in reported reserves during this initial period, reserve growth based on the first production year is more reliable for model development. However, reserve growth models based both on discovery year and first production year show rapid growth in the first few years and slower growth in the following years. In contrast, the reserve growth patterns for the conterminous United States and offshore Gulf of Mexico show a steady reserve increase throughout the productive lives of the fields. The different reserve booking requirements and the lack of capital investment for improved reservoir management and production technologies in West Siberia are the probable causes for the difference in the growth patterns.The models based on the first production year predict that the reserve growth potential in the 42 largest oil fields of West Siberia for a five-year period (1998–2003) ranges from 270–330 million barrels or 0.34–0.42% per year. For a similar five-year period (1996–2001), models for the conterminous United States predict a growth of 0.54–0.75% per year.